The SpringApplication
class provides a convenient way to bootstrap a Spring application that is started from a main()
method.
In many situations, you can delegate to the static SpringApplication.run
method, as shown in the following example:
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MySpringConfiguration.class, args); }
When your application starts, you should see something similar to the following output:
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: v2.1.15.RELEASE 2019-04-31 13:09:54.117 INFO 56603 --- [ main] o.s.b.s.app.SampleApplication : Starting SampleApplication v0.1.0 on mycomputer with PID 56603 (/apps/myapp.jar started by pwebb) 2019-04-31 13:09:54.166 INFO 56603 --- [ main] ationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@6e5a8246: startup date [Wed Jul 31 00:08:16 PDT 2013]; root of context hierarchy 2019-04-01 13:09:56.912 INFO 41370 --- [ main] .t.TomcatServletWebServerFactory : Server initialized with port: 8080 2019-04-01 13:09:57.501 INFO 41370 --- [ main] o.s.b.s.app.SampleApplication : Started SampleApplication in 2.992 seconds (JVM running for 3.658)
By default, INFO
logging messages are shown, including some relevant startup details, such as the user that launched the application.
If you need a log level other than INFO
, you can set it, as described in Section 26.4, “Log Levels”.
The application version is determined using the implementation version from the main application class’s package.
Startup information logging can be turned off by setting spring.main.log-startup-info
to false
.
This will also turn off logging of the application’s active profiles.
Tip | |
---|---|
To add additional logging during startup, you can override |
If your application fails to start, registered FailureAnalyzers
get a chance to provide a dedicated error message and a concrete action to fix the problem.
For instance, if you start a web application on port 8080
and that port is already in use, you should see something similar to the following message:
*************************** APPLICATION FAILED TO START *************************** Description: Embedded servlet container failed to start. Port 8080 was already in use. Action: Identify and stop the process that's listening on port 8080 or configure this application to listen on another port.
Note | |
---|---|
Spring Boot provides numerous |
If no failure analyzers are able to handle the exception, you can still display the full conditions report to better understand what went wrong.
To do so, you need to enable the debug
property or enable DEBUG
logging for org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener
.
For instance, if you are running your application by using java -jar
, you can enable the debug
property as follows:
$ java -jar myproject-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --debug
The banner that is printed on start up can be changed by adding a banner.txt
file to your classpath or by setting the spring.banner.location
property to the location of such a file.
If the file has an encoding other than UTF-8, you can set spring.banner.charset
.
In addition to a text file, you can also add a banner.gif
, banner.jpg
, or banner.png
image file to your classpath or set the spring.banner.image.location
property.
Images are converted into an ASCII art representation and printed above any text banner.
Inside your banner.txt
file, you can use any of the following placeholders:
Table 23.1. Banner variables
Variable | Description |
---|---|
| The version number of your application, as declared in |
| The version number of your application, as declared in |
| The Spring Boot version that you are using.
For example |
| The Spring Boot version that you are using, formatted for display (surrounded with brackets and prefixed with |
| Where |
| The title of your application, as declared in |
Tip | |
---|---|
The |
You can also use the spring.main.banner-mode
property to determine if the banner has to be printed on System.out
(console
), sent to the configured logger (log
), or not produced at all (off
).
The printed banner is registered as a singleton bean under the following name: springBootBanner
.
Note | |
---|---|
YAML maps spring: main: banner-mode: "off" |
If the SpringApplication
defaults are not to your taste, you can instead create a local instance and customize it.
For example, to turn off the banner, you could write:
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(MySpringConfiguration.class); app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF); app.run(args); }
Note | |
---|---|
The constructor arguments passed to |
It is also possible to configure the SpringApplication
by using an application.properties
file.
See Chapter 24, Externalized Configuration for details.
For a complete list of the configuration options, see the SpringApplication
Javadoc.
If you need to build an ApplicationContext
hierarchy (multiple contexts with a parent/child relationship) or if you prefer using a “fluent” builder API, you can use the SpringApplicationBuilder
.
The SpringApplicationBuilder
lets you chain together multiple method calls and includes parent
and child
methods that let you create a hierarchy, as shown in the following example:
new SpringApplicationBuilder() .sources(Parent.class) .child(Application.class) .bannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF) .run(args);
Note | |
---|---|
There are some restrictions when creating an |
In addition to the usual Spring Framework events, such as ContextRefreshedEvent
, a SpringApplication
sends some additional application events.
Note | |
---|---|
Some events are actually triggered before the If you want those listeners to be registered automatically, regardless of the way the application is created, you can add a org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=com.example.project.MyListener |
Application events are sent in the following order, as your application runs:
ApplicationStartingEvent
is sent at the start of a run but before any processing, except for the registration of listeners and initializers.ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent
is sent when the Environment
to be used in the context is known but before the context is created.ApplicationPreparedEvent
is sent just before the refresh is started but after bean definitions have been loaded.ApplicationStartedEvent
is sent after the context has been refreshed but before any application and command-line runners have been called.ApplicationReadyEvent
is sent after any application and command-line runners have been called.
It indicates that the application is ready to service requests.ApplicationFailedEvent
is sent if there is an exception on startup.Tip | |
---|---|
You often need not use application events, but it can be handy to know that they exist. Internally, Spring Boot uses events to handle a variety of tasks. |
Application events are sent by using Spring Framework’s event publishing mechanism.
Part of this mechanism ensures that an event published to the listeners in a child context is also published to the listeners in any ancestor contexts.
As a result of this, if your application uses a hierarchy of SpringApplication
instances, a listener may receive multiple instances of the same type of application event.
To allow your listener to distinguish between an event for its context and an event for a descendant context, it should request that its application context is injected and then compare the injected context with the context of the event.
The context can be injected by implementing ApplicationContextAware
or, if the listener is a bean, by using @Autowired
.
A SpringApplication
attempts to create the right type of ApplicationContext
on your behalf.
The algorithm used to determine a WebApplicationType
is fairly simple:
AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
is usedAnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext
is usedAnnotationConfigApplicationContext
is usedThis means that if you are using Spring MVC and the new WebClient
from Spring WebFlux in the same application, Spring MVC will be used by default.
You can override that easily by calling setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType)
.
It is also possible to take complete control of the ApplicationContext
type that is used by calling setApplicationContextClass(…)
.
Tip | |
---|---|
It is often desirable to call |
If you need to access the application arguments that were passed to SpringApplication.run(…)
, you can inject a org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments
bean.
The ApplicationArguments
interface provides access to both the raw String[]
arguments as well as parsed option
and non-option
arguments, as shown in the following example:
import org.springframework.boot.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.*; @Component public class MyBean { @Autowired public MyBean(ApplicationArguments args) { boolean debug = args.containsOption("debug"); List<String> files = args.getNonOptionArgs(); // if run with "--debug logfile.txt" debug=true, files=["logfile.txt"] } }
Tip | |
---|---|
Spring Boot also registers a |
If you need to run some specific code once the SpringApplication
has started, you can implement the ApplicationRunner
or CommandLineRunner
interfaces.
Both interfaces work in the same way and offer a single run
method, which is called just before SpringApplication.run(…)
completes.
The CommandLineRunner
interfaces provides access to application arguments as a simple string array, whereas the ApplicationRunner
uses the ApplicationArguments
interface discussed earlier.
The following example shows a CommandLineRunner
with a run
method:
import org.springframework.boot.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.*; @Component public class MyBean implements CommandLineRunner { public void run(String... args) { // Do something... } }
If several CommandLineRunner
or ApplicationRunner
beans are defined that must be called in a specific order, you can additionally implement the org.springframework.core.Ordered
interface or use the org.springframework.core.annotation.Order
annotation.
Each SpringApplication
registers a shutdown hook with the JVM to ensure that the ApplicationContext
closes gracefully on exit.
All the standard Spring lifecycle callbacks (such as the DisposableBean
interface or the @PreDestroy
annotation) can be used.
In addition, beans may implement the org.springframework.boot.ExitCodeGenerator
interface if they wish to return a specific exit code when SpringApplication.exit()
is called.
This exit code can then be passed to System.exit()
to return it as a status code, as shown in the following example:
@SpringBootApplication public class ExitCodeApplication { @Bean public ExitCodeGenerator exitCodeGenerator() { return () -> 42; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.exit(SpringApplication.exit(SpringApplication.run(ExitCodeApplication.class, args))); } }
Also, the ExitCodeGenerator
interface may be implemented by exceptions.
When such an exception is encountered, Spring Boot returns the exit code provided by the implemented getExitCode()
method.
It is possible to enable admin-related features for the application by specifying the spring.application.admin.enabled
property.
This exposes the SpringApplicationAdminMXBean
on the platform MBeanServer
.
You could use this feature to administer your Spring Boot application remotely.
This feature could also be useful for any service wrapper implementation.
Tip | |
---|---|
If you want to know on which HTTP port the application is running, get the property with a key of |