If Spring Security is on the classpath, then web applications are secured by default.
Spring Boot relies on Spring Security’s content-negotiation strategy to determine whether to use httpBasic
or formLogin
.
To add method-level security to a web application, you can also add @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity
with your desired settings.
Additional information can be found in the Spring Security Reference Guide.
The default UserDetailsService
has a single user. The user name is user
, and the password is random and is printed at INFO level when the application starts, as shown in the following example:
Using generated security password: 78fa095d-3f4c-48b1-ad50-e24c31d5cf35
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If you fine-tune your logging configuration, ensure that the |
You can change the username and password by providing a spring.security.user.name
and spring.security.user.password
.
The basic features you get by default in a web application are:
UserDetailsService
(or ReactiveUserDetailsService
in case of a WebFlux application) bean with in-memory store and a single user with a generated password (see SecurityProperties.User
for the properties of the user).Accept
header in the request) for the entire application (including actuator endpoints if actuator is on the classpath).DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher
for publishing authentication events.You can provide a different AuthenticationEventPublisher
by adding a bean for it.
The default security configuration is implemented in SecurityAutoConfiguration
and UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration
.
SecurityAutoConfiguration
imports SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
for web security and UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration
configures authentication, which is also relevant in non-web applications.
To switch off the default web application security configuration completely, you can add a bean of type WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
(doing so does not disable the UserDetailsService
configuration or Actuator’s security).
To also switch off the UserDetailsService
configuration, you can add a bean of type UserDetailsService
, AuthenticationProvider
, or AuthenticationManager
.
There are several secure applications in the Spring Boot samples to get you started with common use cases.
Access rules can be overridden by adding a custom WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
.
Spring Boot provides convenience methods that can be used to override access rules for actuator endpoints and static resources.
EndpointRequest
can be used to create a RequestMatcher
that is based on the management.endpoints.web.base-path
property.
PathRequest
can be used to create a RequestMatcher
for resources in commonly used locations.
Similar to Spring MVC applications, you can secure your WebFlux applications by adding the spring-boot-starter-security
dependency.
The default security configuration is implemented in ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration
and UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration
. ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration
imports WebFluxSecurityConfiguration
for web security and UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration
configures authentication, which is also relevant in non-web applications.
To switch off the default web application security configuration completely, you can add a bean of type WebFilterChainProxy
(doing so does not disable the UserDetailsService
configuration or Actuator’s security).
To also switch off the UserDetailsService
configuration, you can add a bean of type ReactiveUserDetailsService
or ReactiveAuthenticationManager
.
Access rules can be configured by adding a custom SecurityWebFilterChain
.
Spring Boot provides convenience methods that can be used to override access rules for actuator endpoints and static resources.
EndpointRequest
can be used to create a ServerWebExchangeMatcher
that is based on the management.endpoints.web.base-path
property.
PathRequest
can be used to create a ServerWebExchangeMatcher
for resources in commonly used locations.
For example, you can customize your security configuration by adding something like:
@Bean public SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) { return http .authorizeExchange() .matchers(PathRequest.toStaticResources().atCommonLocations()).permitAll() .pathMatchers("/foo", "/bar") .authenticated().and() .formLogin().and() .build(); }
OAuth2 is a widely used authorization framework that is supported by Spring.
If you have spring-security-oauth2-client
on your classpath, you can take advantage of some auto-configuration to make it easy to set up an OAuth2/Open ID Connect clients.
This configuration makes use of the properties under OAuth2ClientProperties
.
The same properties are applicable to both servlet and reactive applications.
You can register multiple OAuth2 clients and providers under the spring.security.oauth2.client
prefix, as shown in the following example:
spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.client-id=abcd spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.client-secret=password spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.client-name=Client for user scope spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.provider=my-oauth-provider spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.scope=user spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.redirect-uri-template=https://my-redirect-uri.com spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.client-authentication-method=basic spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-1.authorization-grant-type=authorization_code spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.client-id=abcd spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.client-secret=password spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.client-name=Client for email scope spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.provider=my-oauth-provider spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.scope=email spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.redirect-uri-template=https://my-redirect-uri.com spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.client-authentication-method=basic spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client-2.authorization-grant-type=authorization_code spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.my-oauth-provider.authorization-uri=http://my-auth-server/oauth/authorize spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.my-oauth-provider.token-uri=http://my-auth-server/oauth/token spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.my-oauth-provider.user-info-uri=http://my-auth-server/userinfo spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.my-oauth-provider.user-info-authentication-method=header spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.my-oauth-provider.jwk-set-uri=http://my-auth-server/token_keys spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.my-oauth-provider.user-name-attribute=name
For OpenID Connect providers that support OpenID Connect discovery, the configuration can be further simplified.
The provider needs to be configured with an issuer-uri
which is the URI that the it asserts as its Issuer Identifier.
For example, if the issuer-uri
provided is "https://example.com", then an OpenID Provider Configuration Request
will be made to "https://example.com/.well-known/openid-configuration".
The result is expected to be an OpenID Provider Configuration Response
.
The following example shows how an OpenID Connect Provider can be configured with the issuer-uri
:
spring.security.oauth2.client.provider.oidc-provider.issuer-uri=https://dev-123456.oktapreview.com/oauth2/default/
By default, Spring Security’s OAuth2LoginAuthenticationFilter
only processes URLs matching /login/oauth2/code/*
.
If you want to customize the redirect-uri
to use a different pattern, you need to provide configuration to process that custom pattern.
For example, for servlet applications, you can add your own WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
that resembles the following:
public class OAuth2LoginSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .oauth2Login() .redirectionEndpoint() .baseUri("/custom-callback"); } }
For common OAuth2 and OpenID providers, including Google, Github, Facebook, and Okta, we provide a set of provider defaults (google
, github
, facebook
, and okta
, respectively).
If you do not need to customize these providers, you can set the provider
attribute to the one for which you need to infer defaults.
Also, if the key for the client registration matches a default supported provider, Spring Boot infers that as well.
In other words, the two configurations in the following example use the Google provider:
spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client.client-id=abcd spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client.client-secret=password spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.my-client.provider=google spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.google.client-id=abcd spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.google.client-secret=password
If you have spring-security-oauth2-resource-server
on your classpath, Spring Boot can set up an OAuth2 Resource Server as long as a JWK Set URI or OIDC Issuer URI is specified, as shown in the following examples:
spring.security.oauth2.resourceserver.jwt.jwk-set-uri=https://example.com/oauth2/default/v1/keys
spring.security.oauth2.resourceserver.jwt.issuer-uri=https://dev-123456.oktapreview.com/oauth2/default/
The same properties are applicable for both servlet and reactive applications.
Alternatively, you can define your own JwtDecoder
bean for servlet applications or a ReactiveJwtDecoder
for reactive applications.
Currently, Spring Security does not provide support for implementing an OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server.
However, this functionality is available from the Spring Security OAuth project, which will eventually be superseded by Spring Security completely.
Until then, you can use the spring-security-oauth2-autoconfigure
module to easily set up an OAuth 2.0 authorization server; see its documentation for instructions.
For security purposes, all actuators other than /health
and /info
are disabled by default.
The management.endpoints.web.exposure.include
property can be used to enable the actuators.
If Spring Security is on the classpath and no other WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter is present, all actuators other than /health
and /info
are secured by Spring Boot auto-configuration.
If you define a custom WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
, Spring Boot auto-configuration will back off and you will be in full control of actuator access rules.
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Before setting the |
Since Spring Boot relies on Spring Security’s defaults, CSRF protection is turned on by default.
This means that the actuator endpoints that require a POST
(shutdown and loggers endpoints), PUT
or DELETE
will get a 403 forbidden error when the default security configuration is in use.
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We recommend disabling CSRF protection completely only if you are creating a service that is used by non-browser clients. |
Additional information about CSRF protection can be found in the Spring Security Reference Guide.