Spring provides a LocalPersistenceManagerFactoryBean class that allows for defining a local JDO PersistenceManagerFactory within a Spring application context:

<beans>

  <bean id="myPmf" class="org.springframework.orm.jdo.LocalPersistenceManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:kodo.properties"/>
  </bean>

</beans>

Alternatively, a PersistenceManagerFactory can also be set up through direct instantiation of a PersistenceManagerFactory implementation class. A JDO PersistenceManagerFactory implementation class is supposed to follow the JavaBeans pattern, just like a JDBC DataSource implementation class, which is a natural fit for a Spring bean definition. This setup style usually supports a Spring-defined JDBC DataSource, passed into the "connectionFactory" property. For example, for the open source JDO implementation JPOX (http://www.jpox.org):

<beans>

 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
   <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
   <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
   <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
   <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
 </bean>

 <bean id="myPmf" class="org.jpox.PersistenceManagerFactoryImpl" destroy-method="close">
   <property name="connectionFactory" ref="dataSource"/>
   <property name="nontransactionalRead" value="true"/>
 </bean>

</beans>

A JDO PersistenceManagerFactory can also be set up in the JNDI environment of a J2EE application server, usually through the JCA connector provided by the particular JDO implementation. Spring's standard JndiObjectFactoryBean can be used to retrieve and expose such a PersistenceManagerFactory. However, outside an EJB context, there is often no compelling benefit in holding the PersistenceManagerFactory in JNDI: only choose such setup for a good reason. See "container resources versus local resources" in the Hibernate section for a discussion; the arguments there apply to JDO as well.

Each JDO-based DAO will then receive the PersistenceManagerFactory through dependency injection. Such a DAO could be coded against plain JDO API, working with the given PersistenceManagerFactory, but will usually rather be used with the Spring Framework's JdoTemplate:

<beans>
  
  <bean id="myProductDao" class="product.ProductDaoImpl">
    <property name="persistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmf"/>
  </bean>
  
</beans>

public class ProductDaoImpl implements ProductDao {
  
    private JdoTemplate jdoTemplate;

    public void setPersistenceManagerFactory(PersistenceManagerFactory pmf) {
        this.jdoTemplate = new JdoTemplate(pmf);
    }

    public Collection loadProductsByCategory(final String category) throws DataAccessException {
        return (Collection) this.jdoTemplate.execute(new JdoCallback() {
            public Object doInJdo(PersistenceManager pm) throws JDOException {
                Query query = pm.newQuery(Product.class, "category = pCategory");
                query.declareParameters("String pCategory"); 
                List result = query.execute(category);
                // do some further stuff with the result list
                return result;
            }
        });
    }
}

A callback implementation can effectively be used for any JDO data access. JdoTemplate will ensure that PersistenceManagers are properly opened and closed, and automatically participate in transactions. The template instances are thread-safe and reusable, they can thus be kept as instance variables of the surrounding class. For simple single-step actions such as a single find, load, makePersistent, or delete call, JdoTemplate offers alternative convenience methods that can replace such one line callback implementations. Furthermore, Spring provides a convenient JdoDaoSupport base class that provides a setPersistenceManagerFactory(..) method for receiving a PersistenceManagerFactory, and getPersistenceManagerFactory() and getJdoTemplate() for use by subclasses. In combination, this allows for very simple DAO implementations for typical requirements:

public class ProductDaoImpl extends JdoDaoSupport implements ProductDao {
  
    public Collection loadProductsByCategory(String category) throws DataAccessException {
        return getJdoTemplate().find(
            Product.class, "category = pCategory", "String category", new Object[] {category});
    }
}

As alternative to working with Spring's JdoTemplate, you can also code Spring-based DAOs at the JDO API level, explicitly opening and closing a PersistenceManager. As elaborated in the corresponding Hibernate section, the main advantage of this approach is that your data access code is able to throw checked exceptions. JdoDaoSupport offers a variety of support methods for this scenario, for fetching and releasing a transactional PersistenceManager as well as for converting exceptions.

DAOs can also be written against plain JDO API, without any Spring dependencies, directly using an injected PersistenceManagerFactory. A corresponding DAO implementation looks like as follows:

public class ProductDaoImpl implements ProductDao {

    private PersistenceManagerFactory persistenceManagerFactory;

    public void setPersistenceManagerFactory(PersistenceManagerFactory pmf) {
        this.persistenceManagerFactory = pmf;
    }

    public Collection loadProductsByCategory(String category) {
        PersistenceManager pm = this.persistenceManagerFactory.getPersistenceManager();
        try {
            Query query = pm.newQuery(Product.class, "category = pCategory");
            query.declareParameters("String pCategory"); 
            return query.execute(category);
        }
        finally {
          pm.close();
        }
    }
}

As the above DAO still follows the Dependency Injection pattern, it still fits nicely into a Spring container, just like it would if coded against Spring's JdoTemplate:

<beans>

  <bean id="myProductDao" class="product.ProductDaoImpl">
    <property name="persistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmf"/>
  </bean>

</beans>

The main issue with such DAOs is that they always get a new PersistenceManager from the factory. To still access a Spring-managed transactional PersistenceManager, consider defining a TransactionAwarePersistenceManagerFactoryProxy (as included in Spring) in front of your target PersistenceManagerFactory, passing the proxy into your DAOs.

<beans>

  <bean id="myPmfProxy"
      class="org.springframework.orm.jdo.TransactionAwarePersistenceManagerFactoryProxy">
    <property name="targetPersistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmf"/>
  </bean>

  <bean id="myProductDao" class="product.ProductDaoImpl">
    <property name="persistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmfProxy"/>
  </bean>

</beans>

Your data access code will then receive a transactional PersistenceManager (if any) from the PersistenceManagerFactory.getPersistenceManager() method that it calls. The latter method call goes through the proxy, which will first check for a current transactional PersistenceManager before getting a new one from the factory. close() calls on the PersistenceManager will be ignored in case of a transactional PersistenceManager.

If your data access code will always run within an active transaction (or at least within active transaction synchronization), it is safe to omit the PersistenceManager.close() call and thus the entire finally block, which you might prefer to keep your DAO implementations concise:

public class ProductDaoImpl implements ProductDao {

    private PersistenceManagerFactory persistenceManagerFactory;

    public void setPersistenceManagerFactory(PersistenceManagerFactory pmf) {
        this.persistenceManagerFactory = pmf;
    }

    public Collection loadProductsByCategory(String category) {
        PersistenceManager pm = this.persistenceManagerFactory.getPersistenceManager();
        Query query = pm.newQuery(Product.class, "category = pCategory");
        query.declareParameters("String pCategory"); 
        return query.execute(category);
    }
}

With such DAOs that rely on active transactions, it is recommended to enforce active transactions through turning TransactionAwarePersistenceManagerFactoryProxy's "allowCreate" flag off:

<beans>

  <bean id="myPmfProxy"
      class="org.springframework.orm.jdo.TransactionAwarePersistenceManagerFactoryProxy">
    <property name="targetPersistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmf"/>
    <property name="allowCreate" value="false"/>
  </bean>

  <bean id="myProductDao" class="product.ProductDaoImpl">
    <property name="persistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmfProxy"/>
  </bean>

</beans>

The main advantage of this DAO style is that it depends on JDO API only; no import of any Spring class is required. This is of course appealing from a non-invasiveness perspective, and might feel more natural to JDO developers.

However, the DAO throws plain JDOException (which is unchecked, so does not have to be declared or caught), which means that callers can only treat exceptions as generally fatal - unless they want to depend on JDO's own exception structure. Catching specific causes such as an optimistic locking failure is not possible without tying the caller to the implementation strategy. This tradeoff might be acceptable to applications that are strongly JDO-based and/or do not need any special exception treatment.

In summary: DAOs can be implemented based on plain JDO API, while still being able to participate in Spring-managed transactions. This might in particular appeal to people already familiar with JDO, feeling more natural to them. However, such DAOs will throw plain JDOException; conversion to Spring's DataAccessException would have to happen explicitly (if desired).

To execute service operations within transactions, you can use Spring's common declarative transaction facilities. For example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

  <bean id="myTxManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jdo.JdoTransactionManager">
    <property name="persistenceManagerFactory" ref="myPmf"/>
  </bean>

  <bean id="myProductService" class="product.ProductServiceImpl">
    <property name="productDao" ref="myProductDao"/>
  </bean>

  <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
    <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name="increasePrice*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
      <tx:method name="someOtherBusinessMethod" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/>
      <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
    </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>

  <aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="productServiceMethods" expression="execution(* product.ProductService.*(..))"/>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="productServiceMethods"/>
  </aop:config>

</beans>

Note that JDO requires an active transaction when modifying a persistent object. There is no concept like a non-transactional flush in JDO, in contrast to Hibernate. For this reason, the chosen JDO implementation needs to be set up for a specific environment: in particular, it needs to be explicitly set up for JTA synchronization, to detect an active JTA transaction itself. This is not necessary for local transactions as performed by Spring's JdoTransactionManager, but it is necessary for participating in JTA transactions (whether driven by Spring's JtaTransactionManager or by EJB CMT / plain JTA).

JdoTransactionManager is capable of exposing a JDO transaction to JDBC access code that accesses the same JDBC DataSource, provided that the registered JdoDialect supports retrieval of the underlying JDBC Connection. This is the case for JDBC-based JDO 2.0 implementations by default.

As an advanced feature, both JdoTemplate and interfacename support a custom JdoDialect, to be passed into the "jdoDialect" bean property. In such a scenario, the DAOs won't receive a PersistenceManagerFactory reference but rather a full JdoTemplate instance instead (for example, passed into JdoDaoSupport's "jdoTemplate" property). A JdoDialect implementation can enable some advanced features supported by Spring, usually in a vendor-specific manner:

See the JdoDialect Javadoc for more details on its operations and how they are used within Spring's JDO support.