Two flavors each of UDP inbound and outbound adapters are provided UnicastSendingMessageHandler sends a datagram packet to a single destination. UnicastReceivingChannelAdapter receives incoming datagram packets. MulticastSendingMessageHandler sends (broadcasts) datagram packets to a multicast address. MulticastReceivingChannelAdapter receives incoming datagram packets by joining to a multicast address.

TCP inbound and outbound adapters are provided TcpSendingMessageHandler sends messages over TCP. TcpReceivingChannelAdapter receives messages over TCP.

An inbound TCP gateway is provided; this allows for simple request/response processing. While the gateway can support any number of connections, each connection can only process serially. The thread that reads from the socket waits for, and sends, the response before reading again. If the connection factory is configured for single use connections, the connection is closed after the socket times out.

An outbound TCP gateway is provided; this allows for simple request/response processing. If the associated connection factory is configured for single use connections, a new connection is immediately created for each new request. Otherwise, if the connection is in use, the calling thread blocks on the connection until either a response is received or a timeout or I/O error occurs.

 <ip:udp-outbound-channel-adapter id="udpOut"
    host="somehost"
    port="11111"
    multicast="false"
    channel="exampleChannel" />

A simple UDP outbound channel adapter.

UDP is an efficient, but unreliable protocol. Two attributes are added to improve reliability. When check-length is set to true, the adapter precedes the message data with a length field (4 bytes in network byte order). This enables the receiving side to verify the length of the packet received. If a receiving system uses a buffer that is too short the contain the packet, the packet can be truncated. The length header provides a mechanism to detect this.

  <ip:udp-outbound-channel-adapter id="udpOut"
    host="somehost"
    port="11111"
    multicast="false"
    check-length="true"
    channel="exampleChannel" />

An outbound channel adapter that adds length checking to the datagram packets.

The second reliability improvement allows an application-level acknowledgment protocol to be used. The receiver must send an acknowledgment to the sender within a specified time.

  <ip:udp-outbound-channel-adapter id="udpOut"
    host="somehost"
    port="11111"
    multicast="false"
    check-length="true"
    acknowledge="true"
    ack-host="thishost"
    ack-port="22222"
    ack-timeout="10000"
    channel="exampleChannel" />

An outbound channel adapter that adds length checking to the datagram packets and waits for an acknowledgment.

For even more reliable networking, TCP can be used.

  <ip:udp-inbound-channel-adapter id="udpReceiver"
    channel="udpOutChannel"
    port="11111"
    receive-buffer-size="500"
    multicast="false"
    check-length="true" />

A basic unicast inbound udp channel adapter.

  <ip:udp-inbound-channel-adapter id="udpReceiver"
    channel="udpOutChannel"
    port="11111"
    receive-buffer-size="500"
    multicast="true"
    multicast-address="225.6.7.8"
    check-length="true" />

A basic multicast inbound udp channel adapter.

For TCP, the configuration of the underlying connection is provided using a Connection Factory. Two types of connection factory are provided; a client connection factory and a server connection factory. Client connection factories are used to establish outgoing connections; Server connection factories listen for incoming connections.

A client connection factory is used by an outbound channel adapter but a reference to a client connection factory can also be provided to an inbound channel adapter and that adapter will receive any incoming messages received on connections created by the outbound adapter.

A server connection factory is used by an inbound channel adapter or gateway (in fact the connection factory will not function without one). A reference to a server connection factory can also be provided to an outbound adapter; that adapter can then be used to send replies to incoming messages to the same connection.

A maximum of one adapter of each type may be given a reference to a connection factory.

Connection factories using java.net.Socket and java.nio.channel.SocketChannel are provided.

  <ip:tcp-connection-factory id="server"
    type="server"
    port="1234"
  />

A simple server connection factory that uses java.net.Socket connections.

  <ip:tcp-connection-factory id="server"
    type="server"
    port="1234"
                using-nio="true"
  />

A simple server connection factory that uses java.nio.channel.SocketChannel connections.

  <ip:tcp-connection-factory id="client"
    type="client"
    host="localhost"
    port="1234"
    single-use="true"
    so-timeout="10000"
  />

A client connection factory that uses java.net.Socket connections and creates a new connection for each message.

  <ip:tcp-connection-factory id="client"
    type="client"
    host="localhost"
    port="1234"
    single-use="true"
    so-timeout="10000"
                using-nio=true
  />

A client connection factory that uses java.nio.channel.Socket connections and creates a new connection for each message.

TCP is a streaming protocol; this means that some structure has to be provided to data transported over TCP, so the receiver can demarcate the data into discrete messages. Connection factories are configured to use (de)serializers to convert between the message payload and the bits that are sent over TCP. This is accomplished by providing a deserializer and serializer for inbound and outbound messages respectively. Four standard (de)serializers are provided; the first is ByteArrayCrlfSerializer, which can convert a byte array to a stream of bytes followed by carriage return and linefeed characters (\r\n). This is the default (de)serializer and can be used with telnet as a client, for example. The second is is ByteArrayStxEtxSerializer, which can convert a byte array to a stream of bytes preceded by an STX (0x02) and followed by an ETX (0x03). The third is ByteArrayLengthHeaderSerializer, which can convert a byte array to a stream of bytes preceded by a 4 byte binary length in network byte order. Each of these is a subclass of AbstractByteArraySerializer which implements both org.springframework.core.serializer.Serializer and org.springframework.core.serializer.Deserializer. For backwards compatibility, connections using any subclass of AbstractByteArraySerializer for serialization will also accept a String which will be converted to a byte array first. Each of these (de)serializers converts an input stream containing the corresponding format to a byte array payload. The fourth standard serializer is org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultSerializer which can be used to convert Serializable objects using java serialization. org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultDeserializer is provided for inbound deserialization of streams containing Serializable objects. To implement a custom (de)serializer pair, implement the org.springframework.core.serializer.Deserializer and org.springframework.core.serializer.Serializer interfaces. If you do not wish to use the default (de)serializer (ByteArrayCrLfSerializer), you must supply serializer and deserializer attributes on the connection factory (example below).

        <bean id="javaSerializer"
              class="org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultSerializer" />
        <bean id="javaDeserializer"
              class="org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultDeserializer" />

  <ip:tcp-connection-factory id="server"
    type="server"
    port="1234"
                deserializer="JavaDeserializer"
                serializer="javaSerializer"
  />

A server connection factory that uses java.net.Socket connections and uses Java serialization on the wire.

For full details of the attributes available on connection factories, see the reference at the end of this section.

Connection factories can be configured with a reference to a TcpConnectionInterceptorFactoryChain. Interceptors can be used to add behavior to connections, such as negotiation, security, and other setup. No interceptors are currently provided by the framework but, for an example, see the InterceptedSharedConnectionTests in the source repository.

The HelloWorldInterceptor used in the test case works as follows:

When configured with a client connection factory, when the first message is sent over a connection that is intercepted, the interceptor sends 'Hello' over the connection, and expects to receive 'world!'. When that occurs, the negotiation is complete and the original message is sent; further messages that use the same connection are sent without any additional negotiation.

When configured with a server connection factory, the interceptor requires the first message to be 'Hello' and, if it is, returns 'world!'. Otherwise it throws an exception causing the connection to be closed.

All TcpConnection methods are intercepted. Interceptor instances are created for each connection by an interceptor factory. If an interceptor is stateful, the factory should create a new instance for each connection. Interceptor factories are added to the configuration of an interceptor factory chain, which is provided to a connection factory using the interceptor-factory attribute. Interceptors must implement the TcpConnectionInterceptor interface; factories must implement the TcpConnectionInterceptorFactory interface. A convenience class AbstractTcpConnectionInterceptor is provided with passthrough methods; by extending this class, you only need to implement those methods you wish to intercept.

<bean id="helloWorldInterceptorFactory"
   class="org.springframework.integration.ip.tcp.connection.TcpConnectionInterceptorFactoryChain">
  <property name="interceptors">
    <array>
      <bean class="org.springframework.integration.ip.tcp.connection.HelloWorldInterceptorFactory"/>
    </array>
  </property>
</bean>

<int-ip:tcp-connection-factory id="server"
  type="server"
  port="12345"
  using-nio="true"
  single-use="true"
  interceptor-factory-chain="helloWorldInterceptorFactory"
/>

<int-ip:tcp-connection-factory id="client"
  type="client"
  host="localhost"
  port="12345"
  single-use="true"
  so-timeout="100000"
  using-nio="true"
  interceptor-factory-chain="helloWorldInterceptorFactory"
/>

Configuring a connection interceptor factory chain.

TCP inbound and outbound channel adapters that utilize the above connection factories are provided. These adapters have just 2 attributes connection-factory and channel. The channel attribute specifies the channel on which messages arrive at an outbound adapter and on which messages are placed by an inbound adapter. The connection-factory attribute indicates which connection factory is to be used to manage connections for the adapter. While both inbound and outbound adapters can share a connection factory, server connection factories are always 'owned' by an inbound adapter; client connection factories are always 'owned' by an outbound adapter. One, and only one, adapter of each type may get a reference to a connection factory.

  <bean id="javaSerializer"
              class="org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultSerializer" />
  <bean id="javaDeserializer"
              class="org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultDeserializer" />

  <int-ip:tcp-connection-factory id="server"
    type="server"
    port="1234"
    deserializer="javaDeserializer"
    serializer="javaSerializer"
    using-nio="true"
    single-use="true"
  />

  <int-ip:tcp-connection-factory id="client"
    type="client"
    host="localhost"
    port="#{server.port}"
    single-use="true"
    so-timeout="10000"
    deserializer="javaDeserializer"
    serializer="javaSerializer"
  />

  <int:channel id="input" />

  <int:channel id="replies">
    <int:queue/>
  </int:channel>

  <int-ip:tcp-outbound-channel-adapter id="outboundClient"
    channel="input"
    connection-factory="client"/>

  <int-ip:tcp-inbound-channel-adapter id="inboundClient"
    channel="replies"
    connection-factory="client"/>

  <int-ip:tcp-inbound-channel-adapter id="inboundServer"
    channel="loop"
    connection-factory="server"/>

  <int-ip:tcp-outbound-channel-adapter id="outboundServer"
    channel="loop"
    connection-factory="server"/>

  <int:channel id="loop" />

In this configuration, messages arriving in channel 'input' are serialized over connections created by 'client' received at the server and placed on channel 'loop'. Since 'loop' is the input channel for 'outboundServer' the message is simply looped back over the same connection and received by 'inboundClient' and deposited in channel 'replies'. Java serialization is used on the wire.

The inbound TCP gateway TcpInboundGateway and oubound TCP gateway TcpOutboundGateway use a server and client connection factory respectively. Each connection can process a single request/response at a time.

The intbound gateway, after constructing a message with the incoming payload and sending it to the requestChannel, waits for a response and sends the payload from the response message by writing it to the connection.

The outbound gateway, after sending a message over the connection, waits for a response and constructs a response message and puts in on the reply channel. Communications over the connections are single-threaded. Users should be aware that only one message can be handled at a time and, if another thread attempts to send a message before the current response has been received, it will block until any previous requests are complete (or time out). If, however, the client connection factory is configured for single-use connections each new request gets its own connection and is processed immediately.

  <ip:tcp-inbound-gateway id="inGateway"
    request-channel="tcpChannel"
    reply-channel="replyChannel"
    connection-factory="cfServer"
    reply-timeout="10000"
        />

A simple inbound TCP gateway; if a connection factory configured with the default (de)serializer is used, messages will be \r\n delimited data and the gateway can be used by a simple client such as telnet.

  <ip:tcp-outbound-gateway id="outGateway"
    request-channel="tcpChannel"
    reply-channel="replyChannel"
    connection-factory="cfClient"
    request-timeout="10000"
    reply-timeout="10000"
    />

A simple oubound TCP gateway.