Spring Framework Reference Documentation
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Spring Framework Reference Documentation

Authors

Rod Johnson , Juergen Hoeller , Keith Donald , Colin Sampaleanu , Rob Harrop , Thomas Risberg , Alef Arendsen , Darren Davison , Dmitriy Kopylenko , Mark Pollack , Thierry Templier , Erwin Vervaet , Portia Tung , Ben Hale , Adrian Colyer , John Lewis , Costin Leau , Mark Fisher , Sam Brannen , Ramnivas Laddad , Arjen Poutsma , Chris Beams , Tareq Abedrabbo , Andy Clement , Dave Syer , Oliver Gierke , Rossen Stoyanchev , Phillip Webb , Rob Winch , Brian Clozel , Stephane Nicoll , Sebastien Deleuze

4.3.15.RELEASE

Copyright © 2004-2016

Copies of this document may be made for your own use and for distribution to others, provided that you do not charge any fee for such copies and further provided that each copy contains this Copyright Notice, whether distributed in print or electronically.

Table of Contents

I. Overview of Spring Framework
1. Getting Started with Spring
2. Introduction to the Spring Framework
2.1. Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control
2.2. Framework Modules
2.2.1. Core Container
2.2.2. AOP and Instrumentation
2.2.3. Messaging
2.2.4. Data Access/Integration
2.2.5. Web
2.2.6. Test
2.3. Usage scenarios
2.3.1. Dependency Management and Naming Conventions
Spring Dependencies and Depending on Spring
Maven Dependency Management
Maven "Bill Of Materials" Dependency
Gradle Dependency Management
Ivy Dependency Management
Distribution Zip Files
2.3.2. Logging
Using Log4j 1.2 or 2.x
Avoiding Commons Logging
Using SLF4J with Log4j or Logback
Using JUL (java.util.logging)
Commons Logging on WebSphere
II. What’s New in Spring Framework 4.x
3. New Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.0
3.1. Improved Getting Started Experience
3.2. Removed Deprecated Packages and Methods
3.3. Java 8 (as well as 6 and 7)
3.4. Java EE 6 and 7
3.5. Groovy Bean Definition DSL
3.6. Core Container Improvements
3.7. General Web Improvements
3.8. WebSocket, SockJS, and STOMP Messaging
3.9. Testing Improvements
4. New Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.1
4.1. JMS Improvements
4.2. Caching Improvements
4.3. Web Improvements
4.4. WebSocket Messaging Improvements
4.5. Testing Improvements
5. New Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.2
5.1. Core Container Improvements
5.2. Data Access Improvements
5.3. JMS Improvements
5.4. Web Improvements
5.5. WebSocket Messaging Improvements
5.6. Testing Improvements
6. New Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.3
6.1. Core Container Improvements
6.2. Data Access Improvements
6.3. Caching Improvements
6.4. JMS Improvements
6.5. Web Improvements
6.6. WebSocket Messaging Improvements
6.7. Testing Improvements
6.8. Support for new library and server generations
III. Core Technologies
7. The IoC container
7.1. Introduction to the Spring IoC container and beans
7.2. Container overview
7.2.1. Configuration metadata
7.2.2. Instantiating a container
Composing XML-based configuration metadata
The Groovy Bean Definition DSL
7.2.3. Using the container
7.3. Bean overview
7.3.1. Naming beans
Aliasing a bean outside the bean definition
7.3.2. Instantiating beans
Instantiation with a constructor
Instantiation with a static factory method
Instantiation using an instance factory method
7.4. Dependencies
7.4.1. Dependency Injection
Constructor-based dependency injection
Setter-based dependency injection
Dependency resolution process
Examples of dependency injection
7.4.2. Dependencies and configuration in detail
Straight values (primitives, Strings, and so on)
References to other beans (collaborators)
Inner beans
Collections
Null and empty string values
XML shortcut with the p-namespace
XML shortcut with the c-namespace
Compound property names
7.4.3. Using depends-on
7.4.4. Lazy-initialized beans
7.4.5. Autowiring collaborators
Limitations and disadvantages of autowiring
Excluding a bean from autowiring
7.4.6. Method injection
Lookup method injection
Arbitrary method replacement
7.5. Bean scopes
7.5.1. The singleton scope
7.5.2. The prototype scope
7.5.3. Singleton beans with prototype-bean dependencies
7.5.4. Request, session, global session, application, and WebSocket scopes
Initial web configuration
Request scope
Session scope
Global session scope
Application scope
Scoped beans as dependencies
7.5.5. Custom scopes
Creating a custom scope
Using a custom scope
7.6. Customizing the nature of a bean
7.6.1. Lifecycle callbacks
Initialization callbacks
Destruction callbacks
Default initialization and destroy methods
Combining lifecycle mechanisms
Startup and shutdown callbacks
Shutting down the Spring IoC container gracefully in non-web applications
7.6.2. ApplicationContextAware and BeanNameAware
7.6.3. Other Aware interfaces
7.7. Bean definition inheritance
7.8. Container Extension Points
7.8.1. Customizing beans using a BeanPostProcessor
Example: Hello World, BeanPostProcessor-style
Example: The RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
7.8.2. Customizing configuration metadata with a BeanFactoryPostProcessor
Example: the Class name substitution PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer
Example: the PropertyOverrideConfigurer
7.8.3. Customizing instantiation logic with a FactoryBean
7.9. Annotation-based container configuration
7.9.1. @Required
7.9.2. @Autowired
7.9.3. Fine-tuning annotation-based autowiring with @Primary
7.9.4. Fine-tuning annotation-based autowiring with qualifiers
7.9.5. Using generics as autowiring qualifiers
7.9.6. CustomAutowireConfigurer
7.9.7. @Resource
7.9.8. @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy
7.10. Classpath scanning and managed components
7.10.1. @Component and further stereotype annotations
7.10.2. Meta-annotations
7.10.3. Automatically detecting classes and registering bean definitions
7.10.4. Using filters to customize scanning
7.10.5. Defining bean metadata within components
7.10.6. Naming autodetected components
7.10.7. Providing a scope for autodetected components
7.10.8. Providing qualifier metadata with annotations
7.11. Using JSR 330 Standard Annotations
7.11.1. Dependency Injection with @Inject and @Named
7.11.2. @Named and @ManagedBean: standard equivalents to the @Component annotation
7.11.3. Limitations of JSR-330 standard annotations
7.12. Java-based container configuration
7.12.1. Basic concepts: @Bean and @Configuration
7.12.2. Instantiating the Spring container using AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
Simple construction
Building the container programmatically using register(Class<?>…​)
Enabling component scanning with scan(String…​)
Support for web applications with AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
7.12.3. Using the @Bean annotation
Declaring a bean
Bean dependencies
Receiving lifecycle callbacks
Specifying bean scope
Customizing bean naming
Bean aliasing
Bean description
7.12.4. Using the @Configuration annotation
Injecting inter-bean dependencies
Lookup method injection
Further information about how Java-based configuration works internally
7.12.5. Composing Java-based configurations
Using the @Import annotation
Conditionally include @Configuration classes or @Bean methods
Combining Java and XML configuration
7.13. Environment abstraction
7.13.1. Bean definition profiles
@Profile
XML bean definition profiles
Activating a profile
Default profile
7.13.2. PropertySource abstraction
7.13.3. @PropertySource
7.13.4. Placeholder resolution in statements
7.14. Registering a LoadTimeWeaver
7.15. Additional capabilities of the ApplicationContext
7.15.1. Internationalization using MessageSource
7.15.2. Standard and custom events
Annotation-based event listeners
Asynchronous Listeners
Ordering listeners
Generic events
7.15.3. Convenient access to low-level resources
7.15.4. Convenient ApplicationContext instantiation for web applications
7.15.5. Deploying a Spring ApplicationContext as a Java EE RAR file
7.16. The BeanFactory
7.16.1. BeanFactory or ApplicationContext?
7.16.2. Glue code and the evil singleton
8. Resources
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The Resource interface
8.3. Built-in Resource implementations
8.3.1. UrlResource
8.3.2. ClassPathResource
8.3.3. FileSystemResource
8.3.4. ServletContextResource
8.3.5. InputStreamResource
8.3.6. ByteArrayResource
8.4. The ResourceLoader
8.5. The ResourceLoaderAware interface
8.6. Resources as dependencies
8.7. Application contexts and Resource paths
8.7.1. Constructing application contexts
Constructing ClassPathXmlApplicationContext instances - shortcuts
8.7.2. Wildcards in application context constructor resource paths
Ant-style Patterns
The classpath*: prefix
Other notes relating to wildcards
8.7.3. FileSystemResource caveats
9. Validation, Data Binding, and Type Conversion
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Validation using Spring’s Validator interface
9.3. Resolving codes to error messages
9.4. Bean manipulation and the BeanWrapper
9.4.1. Setting and getting basic and nested properties
9.4.2. Built-in PropertyEditor implementations
Registering additional custom PropertyEditors
9.5. Spring Type Conversion
9.5.1. Converter SPI
9.5.2. ConverterFactory
9.5.3. GenericConverter
ConditionalGenericConverter
9.5.4. ConversionService API
9.5.5. Configuring a ConversionService
9.5.6. Using a ConversionService programmatically
9.6. Spring Field Formatting
9.6.1. Formatter SPI
9.6.2. Annotation-driven Formatting
Format Annotation API
9.6.3. FormatterRegistry SPI
9.6.4. FormatterRegistrar SPI
9.6.5. Configuring Formatting in Spring MVC
9.7. Configuring a global date & time format
9.8. Spring Validation
9.8.1. Overview of the JSR-303 Bean Validation API
9.8.2. Configuring a Bean Validation Provider
Injecting a Validator
Configuring Custom Constraints
Spring-driven Method Validation
Additional Configuration Options
9.8.3. Configuring a DataBinder
9.8.4. Spring MVC 3 Validation
10. Spring Expression Language (SpEL)
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Evaluation
10.2.1. EvaluationContext
Type conversion
10.2.2. Parser configuration
10.2.3. SpEL compilation
Compiler configuration
Compiler limitations
10.3. Expressions in bean definitions
10.3.1. XML configuration
10.3.2. Annotation config
10.4. Language Reference
10.4.1. Literal expressions
10.4.2. Properties, Arrays, Lists, Maps, Indexers
10.4.3. Inline lists
10.4.4. Inline Maps
10.4.5. Array construction
10.4.6. Methods
10.4.7. Operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Mathematical operators
10.4.8. Assignment
10.4.9. Types
10.4.10. Constructors
10.4.11. Variables
The #this and #root variables
10.4.12. Functions
10.4.13. Bean references
10.4.14. Ternary Operator (If-Then-Else)
10.4.15. The Elvis Operator
10.4.16. Safe Navigation operator
10.4.17. Collection Selection
10.4.18. Collection Projection
10.4.19. Expression templating
10.5. Classes used in the examples
11. Aspect Oriented Programming with Spring
11.1. Introduction
11.1.1. AOP concepts
11.1.2. Spring AOP capabilities and goals
11.1.3. AOP Proxies
11.2. @AspectJ support
11.2.1. Enabling @AspectJ Support
Enabling @AspectJ Support with Java configuration
Enabling @AspectJ Support with XML configuration
11.2.2. Declaring an aspect
11.2.3. Declaring a pointcut
Supported Pointcut Designators
Combining pointcut expressions
Sharing common pointcut definitions
Examples
Writing good pointcuts
11.2.4. Declaring advice
Before advice
After returning advice
After throwing advice
After (finally) advice
Around advice
Advice parameters
Advice ordering
11.2.5. Introductions
11.2.6. Aspect instantiation models
11.2.7. Example
11.3. Schema-based AOP support
11.3.1. Declaring an aspect
11.3.2. Declaring a pointcut
11.3.3. Declaring advice
Before advice
After returning advice
After throwing advice
After (finally) advice
Around advice
Advice parameters
Advice ordering
11.3.4. Introductions
11.3.5. Aspect instantiation models
11.3.6. Advisors
11.3.7. Example
11.4. Choosing which AOP declaration style to use
11.4.1. Spring AOP or full AspectJ?
11.4.2. @AspectJ or XML for Spring AOP?
11.5. Mixing aspect types
11.6. Proxying mechanisms
11.6.1. Understanding AOP proxies
11.7. Programmatic creation of @AspectJ Proxies
11.8. Using AspectJ with Spring applications
11.8.1. Using AspectJ to dependency inject domain objects with Spring
Unit testing @Configurable objects
Working with multiple application contexts
11.8.2. Other Spring aspects for AspectJ
11.8.3. Configuring AspectJ aspects using Spring IoC
11.8.4. Load-time weaving with AspectJ in the Spring Framework
A first example
Aspects
'META-INF/aop.xml'
Required libraries (JARS)
Spring configuration
Environment-specific configuration
11.9. Further Resources
12. Spring AOP APIs
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Pointcut API in Spring
12.2.1. Concepts
12.2.2. Operations on pointcuts
12.2.3. AspectJ expression pointcuts
12.2.4. Convenience pointcut implementations
Static pointcuts
Dynamic pointcuts
12.2.5. Pointcut superclasses
12.2.6. Custom pointcuts
12.3. Advice API in Spring
12.3.1. Advice lifecycles
12.3.2. Advice types in Spring
Interception around advice
Before advice
Throws advice
After Returning advice
Introduction advice
12.4. Advisor API in Spring
12.5. Using the ProxyFactoryBean to create AOP proxies
12.5.1. Basics
12.5.2. JavaBean properties
12.5.3. JDK- and CGLIB-based proxies
12.5.4. Proxying interfaces
12.5.5. Proxying classes
12.5.6. Using 'global' advisors
12.6. Concise proxy definitions
12.7. Creating AOP proxies programmatically with the ProxyFactory
12.8. Manipulating advised objects
12.9. Using the "auto-proxy" facility
12.9.1. Autoproxy bean definitions
BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
12.9.2. Using metadata-driven auto-proxying
12.10. Using TargetSources
12.10.1. Hot swappable target sources
12.10.2. Pooling target sources
12.10.3. Prototype target sources
12.10.4. ThreadLocal target sources
12.11. Defining new Advice types
12.12. Further resources
IV. Testing
13. Introduction to Spring Testing
14. Unit Testing
14.1. Mock Objects
14.1.1. Environment
14.1.2. JNDI
14.1.3. Servlet API
14.1.4. Portlet API
14.2. Unit Testing support Classes
14.2.1. General testing utilities
14.2.2. Spring MVC
15. Integration Testing
15.1. Overview
15.2. Goals of Integration Testing
15.2.1. Context management and caching
15.2.2. Dependency Injection of test fixtures
15.2.3. Transaction management
15.2.4. Support classes for integration testing
15.3. JDBC Testing Support
15.4. Annotations
15.4.1. Spring Testing Annotations
@BootstrapWith
@ContextConfiguration
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextHierarchy
@ActiveProfiles
@TestPropertySource
@DirtiesContext
@TestExecutionListeners
@Commit
@Rollback
@BeforeTransaction
@AfterTransaction
@Sql
@SqlConfig
@SqlGroup
15.4.2. Standard Annotation Support
15.4.3. Spring JUnit 4 Testing Annotations
@IfProfileValue
@ProfileValueSourceConfiguration
@Timed
@Repeat
15.4.4. Meta-Annotation Support for Testing
15.5. Spring TestContext Framework
15.5.1. Key abstractions
TestContext
TestContextManager
TestExecutionListener
Context Loaders
15.5.2. Bootstrapping the TestContext framework
15.5.3. TestExecutionListener configuration
Registering custom TestExecutionListeners
Automatic discovery of default TestExecutionListeners
Ordering TestExecutionListeners
Merging TestExecutionListeners
15.5.4. Context management
Context configuration with XML resources
Context configuration with Groovy scripts
Context configuration with annotated classes
Mixing XML, Groovy scripts, and annotated classes
Context configuration with context initializers
Context configuration inheritance
Context configuration with environment profiles
Context configuration with test property sources
Loading a WebApplicationContext
Context caching
Context hierarchies
15.5.5. Dependency injection of test fixtures
15.5.6. Testing request and session scoped beans
15.5.7. Transaction management
Test-managed transactions
Enabling and disabling transactions
Transaction rollback and commit behavior
Programmatic transaction management
Executing code outside of a transaction
Configuring a transaction manager
Demonstration of all transaction-related annotations
15.5.8. Executing SQL scripts
Executing SQL scripts programmatically
Executing SQL scripts declaratively with @Sql
15.5.9. TestContext Framework support classes
Spring JUnit 4 Runner
Spring JUnit 4 Rules
JUnit 4 support classes
TestNG support classes
15.6. Spring MVC Test Framework
15.6.1. Server-Side Tests
Static Imports
Setup Choices
Performing Requests
Defining Expectations
Filter Registrations
Differences between Out-of-Container and End-to-End Integration Tests
Further Server-Side Test Examples
15.6.2. HtmlUnit Integration
Why HtmlUnit Integration?
MockMvc and HtmlUnit
MockMvc and WebDriver
MockMvc and Geb
15.6.3. Client-Side REST Tests
Static Imports
Further Examples of Client-side REST Tests
15.7. PetClinic Example
16. Further Resources
V. Data Access
17. Transaction Management
17.1. Introduction to Spring Framework transaction management
17.2. Advantages of the Spring Framework’s transaction support model
17.2.1. Global transactions
17.2.2. Local transactions
17.2.3. Spring Framework’s consistent programming model
17.3. Understanding the Spring Framework transaction abstraction
17.4. Synchronizing resources with transactions
17.4.1. High-level synchronization approach
17.4.2. Low-level synchronization approach
17.4.3. TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy
17.5. Declarative transaction management
17.5.1. Understanding the Spring Framework’s declarative transaction implementation
17.5.2. Example of declarative transaction implementation
17.5.3. Rolling back a declarative transaction
17.5.4. Configuring different transactional semantics for different beans
17.5.5. <tx:advice/> settings
17.5.6. Using @Transactional
@Transactional settings
Multiple Transaction Managers with @Transactional
Custom shortcut annotations
17.5.7. Transaction propagation
Required
RequiresNew
Nested
17.5.8. Advising transactional operations
17.5.9. Using @Transactional with AspectJ
17.6. Programmatic transaction management
17.6.1. Using the TransactionTemplate
Specifying transaction settings
17.6.2. Using the PlatformTransactionManager
17.7. Choosing between programmatic and declarative transaction management
17.8. Transaction bound event
17.9. Application server-specific integration
17.9.1. IBM WebSphere
17.9.2. Oracle WebLogic Server
17.10. Solutions to common problems
17.10.1. Use of the wrong transaction manager for a specific DataSource
17.11. Further resources
18. DAO support
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Consistent exception hierarchy
18.3. Annotations used for configuring DAO or Repository classes
19. Data access with JDBC
19.1. Introduction to Spring Framework JDBC
19.1.1. Choosing an approach for JDBC database access
19.1.2. Package hierarchy
19.2. Using the JDBC core classes to control basic JDBC processing and error handling
19.2.1. JdbcTemplate
Examples of JdbcTemplate class usage
JdbcTemplate best practices
19.2.2. NamedParameterJdbcTemplate
19.2.3. SQLExceptionTranslator
19.2.4. Executing statements
19.2.5. Running queries
19.2.6. Updating the database
19.2.7. Retrieving auto-generated keys
19.3. Controlling database connections
19.3.1. DataSource
19.3.2. DataSourceUtils
19.3.3. SmartDataSource
19.3.4. AbstractDataSource
19.3.5. SingleConnectionDataSource
19.3.6. DriverManagerDataSource
19.3.7. TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy
19.3.8. DataSourceTransactionManager
19.3.9. NativeJdbcExtractor
19.4. JDBC batch operations
19.4.1. Basic batch operations with the JdbcTemplate
19.4.2. Batch operations with a List of objects
19.4.3. Batch operations with multiple batches
19.5. Simplifying JDBC operations with the SimpleJdbc classes
19.5.1. Inserting data using SimpleJdbcInsert
19.5.2. Retrieving auto-generated keys using SimpleJdbcInsert
19.5.3. Specifying columns for a SimpleJdbcInsert
19.5.4. Using SqlParameterSource to provide parameter values
19.5.5. Calling a stored procedure with SimpleJdbcCall
19.5.6. Explicitly declaring parameters to use for a SimpleJdbcCall
19.5.7. How to define SqlParameters
19.5.8. Calling a stored function using SimpleJdbcCall
19.5.9. Returning ResultSet/REF Cursor from a SimpleJdbcCall
19.6. Modeling JDBC operations as Java objects
19.6.1. SqlQuery
19.6.2. MappingSqlQuery
19.6.3. SqlUpdate
19.6.4. StoredProcedure
19.7. Common problems with parameter and data value handling
19.7.1. Providing SQL type information for parameters
19.7.2. Handling BLOB and CLOB objects
19.7.3. Passing in lists of values for IN clause
19.7.4. Handling complex types for stored procedure calls
19.8. Embedded database support
19.8.1. Why use an embedded database?
19.8.2. Creating an embedded database using Spring XML
19.8.3. Creating an embedded database programmatically
19.8.4. Selecting the embedded database type
Using HSQL
Using H2
Using Derby
19.8.5. Testing data access logic with an embedded database
19.8.6. Generating unique names for embedded databases
19.8.7. Extending the embedded database support
19.9. Initializing a DataSource
19.9.1. Initializing a database using Spring XML
Initialization of other components that depend on the database
20. Object Relational Mapping (ORM) Data Access
20.1. Introduction to ORM with Spring
20.2. General ORM integration considerations
20.2.1. Resource and transaction management
20.2.2. Exception translation
20.3. Hibernate
20.3.1. SessionFactory setup in a Spring container
20.3.2. Implementing DAOs based on plain Hibernate API
20.3.3. Declarative transaction demarcation
20.3.4. Programmatic transaction demarcation
20.3.5. Transaction management strategies
20.3.6. Comparing container-managed and locally defined resources
20.3.7. Spurious application server warnings with Hibernate
20.4. JDO
20.4.1. PersistenceManagerFactory setup
20.4.2. Implementing DAOs based on the plain JDO API
20.4.3. Transaction management
20.4.4. JdoDialect
20.5. JPA
20.5.1. Three options for JPA setup in a Spring environment
LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean
Obtaining an EntityManagerFactory from JNDI
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean
Dealing with multiple persistence units
20.5.2. Implementing DAOs based on JPA: EntityManagerFactory and EntityManager
20.5.3. Spring-driven JPA transactions
20.5.4. JpaDialect and JpaVendorAdapter
20.5.5. Setting up JPA with JTA transaction management
21. Marshalling XML using O/X Mappers
21.1. Introduction
21.1.1. Ease of configuration
21.1.2. Consistent interfaces
21.1.3. Consistent exception hierarchy
21.2. Marshaller and Unmarshaller
21.2.1. Marshaller
21.2.2. Unmarshaller
21.2.3. XmlMappingException
21.3. Using Marshaller and Unmarshaller
21.4. XML configuration namespace
21.5. JAXB
21.5.1. Jaxb2Marshaller
XML configuration namespace
21.6. Castor
21.6.1. CastorMarshaller
21.6.2. Mapping
XML configuration namespace
21.7. XMLBeans
21.7.1. XmlBeansMarshaller
XML configuration namespace
21.8. JiBX
21.8.1. JibxMarshaller
XML configuration namespace
21.9. XStream
21.9.1. XStreamMarshaller
VI. The Web
22. Web MVC framework
22.1. Introduction to Spring Web MVC framework
22.1.1. Features of Spring Web MVC
22.1.2. Pluggability of other MVC implementations
22.2. The DispatcherServlet
22.2.1. Special Bean Types In the WebApplicationContext
22.2.2. Default DispatcherServlet Configuration
22.2.3. DispatcherServlet Processing Sequence
22.3. Implementing Controllers
22.3.1. Defining a controller with @Controller
22.3.2. Mapping Requests With @RequestMapping
Composed @RequestMapping Variants
@Controller and AOP Proxying
New Support Classes for @RequestMapping methods in Spring MVC 3.1
URI Template Patterns
URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions
Path Patterns
Path Pattern Comparison
Path Patterns with Placeholders
Suffix Pattern Matching
Suffix Pattern Matching and RFD
Matrix Variables
Consumable Media Types
Producible Media Types
Request Parameters and Header Values
HTTP HEAD and HTTP OPTIONS
22.3.3. Defining @RequestMapping handler methods
Supported method argument types
Supported method return types
Binding request parameters to method parameters with @RequestParam
Mapping the request body with the @RequestBody annotation
Mapping the response body with the @ResponseBody annotation
Creating REST Controllers with the @RestController annotation
Using HttpEntity
Using @ModelAttribute on a method
Using @ModelAttribute on a method argument
Using @SessionAttributes to store model attributes in the HTTP session between requests
Using @SessionAttribute to access pre-existing global session attributes
Using @RequestAttribute to access request attributes
Working with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data
Mapping cookie values with the @CookieValue annotation
Mapping request header attributes with the @RequestHeader annotation
Method Parameters And Type Conversion
Customizing WebDataBinder initialization
Advising controllers with @ControllerAdvice and @RestControllerAdvice
Jackson Serialization View Support
Jackson JSONP Support
22.3.4. Asynchronous Request Processing
Exception Handling for Async Requests
Intercepting Async Requests
HTTP Streaming
HTTP Streaming With Server-Sent Events
HTTP Streaming Directly To The OutputStream
Configuring Asynchronous Request Processing
22.3.5. Testing Controllers
22.4. Handler mappings
22.4.1. Intercepting requests with a HandlerInterceptor
22.5. Resolving views
22.5.1. Resolving views with the ViewResolver interface
22.5.2. Chaining ViewResolvers
22.5.3. Redirecting to Views
RedirectView
The redirect: prefix
The forward: prefix
22.5.4. ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
22.6. Using flash attributes
22.7. Building URIs
22.7.1. Building URIs to Controllers and methods
22.7.2. Working with "Forwarded" and "X-Forwarded-*" Headers
22.7.3. Building URIs to Controllers and methods from views
22.8. Using locales
22.8.1. Obtaining Time Zone Information
22.8.2. AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver
22.8.3. CookieLocaleResolver
22.8.4. SessionLocaleResolver
22.8.5. LocaleChangeInterceptor
22.9. Using themes
22.9.1. Overview of themes
22.9.2. Defining themes
22.9.3. Theme resolvers
22.10. Spring’s multipart (file upload) support
22.10.1. Introduction
22.10.2. Using a MultipartResolver with Commons FileUpload
22.10.3. Using a MultipartResolver with Servlet 3.0
22.10.4. Handling a file upload in a form
22.10.5. Handling a file upload request from programmatic clients
22.11. Handling exceptions
22.11.1. HandlerExceptionResolver
22.11.2. @ExceptionHandler
22.11.3. Handling Standard Spring MVC Exceptions
22.11.4. Annotating Business Exceptions With @ResponseStatus
22.11.5. Customizing the Default Servlet Container Error Page
22.12. Web Security
22.13. Convention over configuration support
22.13.1. The Controller ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping
22.13.2. The Model ModelMap (ModelAndView)
22.13.3. Default view name
22.14. HTTP caching support
22.14.1. Cache-Control HTTP header
22.14.2. HTTP caching support for static resources
22.14.3. Support for the Cache-Control, ETag and Last-Modified response headers in Controllers
22.14.4. Shallow ETag support
22.15. Code-based Servlet container initialization
22.16. Configuring Spring MVC
22.16.1. Enabling the MVC Java Config or the MVC XML Namespace
22.16.2. Customizing the Provided Configuration
22.16.3. Conversion and Formatting
22.16.4. Validation
22.16.5. Interceptors
22.16.6. Content Negotiation
22.16.7. View Controllers
22.16.8. View Resolvers
22.16.9. Serving of Resources
22.16.10. Default Servlet
22.16.11. Path Matching
22.16.12. Message Converters
22.16.13. Advanced Customizations with MVC Java Config
22.16.14. Advanced Customizations with the MVC Namespace
23. View Technologies
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Thymeleaf
23.3. Groovy Markup
23.3.1. Configuration
23.3.2. Example
23.4. Velocity & FreeMarker
23.4.1. Dependencies
23.4.2. Context configuration
23.4.3. Creating templates
23.4.4. Advanced configuration
velocity.properties
FreeMarker
23.4.5. Bind support and form handling
The bind macros
Simple binding
Form input generation macros
HTML escaping and XHTML compliance
23.5. JSP & JSTL
23.5.1. View resolvers
23.5.2. 'Plain-old' JSPs versus JSTL
23.5.3. Spring’s JSP tag library
23.5.4. Spring’s form tag library
Configuration
The form tag
The input tag
The checkbox tag
The checkboxes tag
The radiobutton tag
The radiobuttons tag
The password tag
The select tag
The option tag
The options tag
The textarea tag
The hidden tag
The errors tag
HTTP method conversion
HTML5 tags
23.6. Script views
23.6.1. Requirements
23.6.2. Script templates
23.7. XML Marshalling
23.8. Tiles
23.8.1. Dependencies
23.8.2. Configuration
UrlBasedViewResolver
ResourceBundleViewResolver
SimpleSpringPreparerFactory and SpringBeanPreparerFactory
23.9. XSLT
23.9.1. Beans
23.9.2. Controller
23.9.3. Transformation
23.10. Document views: PDF, Excel
23.10.1. Introduction
23.10.2. Configuration
23.10.3. View definition
23.10.4. Controller
23.10.5. Excel views
23.10.6. PDF views
23.11. JasperReports
23.11.1. Dependencies
23.11.2. Configuration
Configuring the ViewResolver
Configuring the Views
About Report Files
Using JasperReportsMultiFormatView
23.11.3. Populating the ModelAndView
23.11.4. Working with sub-reports
Configuring sub-report files
Configuring sub-report data sources
23.11.5. Configuring exporter parameters
23.12. Feed views: RSS, Atom
23.13. JSON Mapping View
23.14. XML Mapping View
24. Integrating with other web frameworks
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Common configuration
24.3. JavaServer Faces 1.2
24.3.1. SpringBeanFacesELResolver (JSF 1.2+)
24.3.2. FacesContextUtils
24.4. Apache Struts 2.x
24.5. Tapestry 5.x
24.6. Further Resources
25. Portlet MVC Framework
25.1. Introduction
25.1.1. Controllers - The C in MVC
25.1.2. Views - The V in MVC
25.1.3. Web-scoped beans
25.2. The DispatcherPortlet
25.3. The ViewRendererServlet
25.4. Controllers
25.4.1. AbstractController and PortletContentGenerator
25.4.2. Other simple controllers
25.4.3. Command Controllers
25.4.4. PortletWrappingController
25.5. Handler mappings
25.5.1. PortletModeHandlerMapping
25.5.2. ParameterHandlerMapping
25.5.3. PortletModeParameterHandlerMapping
25.5.4. Adding HandlerInterceptors
25.5.5. HandlerInterceptorAdapter
25.5.6. ParameterMappingInterceptor
25.6. Views and resolving them
25.7. Multipart (file upload) support
25.7.1. Using the PortletMultipartResolver
25.7.2. Handling a file upload in a form
25.8. Handling exceptions
25.9. Annotation-based controller configuration
25.9.1. Setting up the dispatcher for annotation support
25.9.2. Defining a controller with @Controller
25.9.3. Mapping requests with @RequestMapping
25.9.4. Supported handler method arguments
25.9.5. Binding request parameters to method parameters with @RequestParam
25.9.6. Providing a link to data from the model with @ModelAttribute
25.9.7. Specifying attributes to store in a Session with @SessionAttributes
25.9.8. Customizing WebDataBinder initialization
Customizing data binding with @InitBinder
Configuring a custom WebBindingInitializer
25.10. Portlet application deployment
26. WebSocket Support
26.1. Introduction
26.1.1. WebSocket Fallback Options
26.1.2. A Messaging Architecture
26.1.3. Sub-Protocol Support in WebSocket
26.1.4. Should I Use WebSocket?
26.2. WebSocket API
26.2.1. WebSocketHandler
26.2.2. WebSocket Handshake
26.2.3. WebSocketHandler Decoration
26.2.4. Deployment
26.2.5. Configuring the WebSocket Engine
26.2.6. Configuring allowed origins
26.3. SockJS Fallback
26.3.1. Overview
26.3.2. Enable SockJS
26.3.3. IE 8, 9
26.3.4. Heartbeats
26.3.5. Client disconnects
26.3.6. SockJS and CORS
26.3.7. SockJsClient
26.4. STOMP
26.4.1. Overview
26.4.2. Benefits
26.4.3. Enable STOMP
26.4.4. Flow of Messages
26.4.5. Annotated Controllers
@MessageMapping
@SubscribeMapping
@MessageExceptionHandler
26.4.6. Send Messages
26.4.7. Simple Broker
26.4.8. External Broker
26.4.9. Connect to Broker
26.4.10. Dot as Separator
26.4.11. Authentication
26.4.12. Token Authentication
26.4.13. User Destinations
26.4.14. Events and Interception
26.4.15. STOMP Client
26.4.16. WebSocket Scope
26.4.17. Performance
26.4.18. Monitoring
26.4.19. Testing
27. CORS Support
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Controller method CORS configuration
27.3. Global CORS configuration
27.3.1. JavaConfig
27.3.2. XML namespace
27.4. Advanced Customization
27.5. Filter based CORS support
VII. Integration
28. Remoting and web services using Spring
28.1. Introduction
28.2. Exposing services using RMI
28.2.1. Exporting the service using the RmiServiceExporter
28.2.2. Linking in the service at the client
28.3. Using Hessian or Burlap to remotely call services via HTTP
28.3.1. Wiring up the DispatcherServlet for Hessian and co.
28.3.2. Exposing your beans by using the HessianServiceExporter
28.3.3. Linking in the service on the client
28.3.4. Using Burlap
28.3.5. Applying HTTP basic authentication to a service exposed through Hessian or Burlap
28.4. Exposing services using HTTP invokers
28.4.1. Exposing the service object
28.4.2. Linking in the service at the client
28.5. Web services
28.5.1. Exposing servlet-based web services using JAX-WS
28.5.2. Exporting standalone web services using JAX-WS
28.5.3. Exporting web services using the JAX-WS RI’s Spring support
28.5.4. Accessing web services using JAX-WS
28.6. JMS
28.6.1. Server-side configuration
28.6.2. Client-side configuration
28.7. AMQP
28.8. Auto-detection is not implemented for remote interfaces
28.9. Considerations when choosing a technology
28.10. Accessing RESTful services on the client
28.10.1. RestTemplate
Working with the URI
Dealing with request and response headers
Jackson JSON Views support
28.10.2. HTTP message conversion
StringHttpMessageConverter
FormHttpMessageConverter
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter
MarshallingHttpMessageConverter
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter
SourceHttpMessageConverter
BufferedImageHttpMessageConverter
28.10.3. Async RestTemplate
29. Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) integration
29.1. Introduction
29.2. Accessing EJBs
29.2.1. Concepts
29.2.2. Accessing local SLSBs
29.2.3. Accessing remote SLSBs
29.2.4. Accessing EJB 2.x SLSBs versus EJB 3 SLSBs
29.3. Using Spring’s EJB implementation support classes
29.3.1. EJB 3 injection interceptor
30. JMS (Java Message Service)
30.1. Introduction
30.2. Using Spring JMS
30.2.1. JmsTemplate
30.2.2. Connections
Caching Messaging Resources
SingleConnectionFactory
CachingConnectionFactory
30.2.3. Destination Management
30.2.4. Message Listener Containers
SimpleMessageListenerContainer
DefaultMessageListenerContainer
30.2.5. Transaction management
30.3. Sending a Message
30.3.1. Using Message Converters
30.3.2. SessionCallback and ProducerCallback
30.4. Receiving a message
30.4.1. Synchronous reception
30.4.2. Asynchronous reception: Message-Driven POJOs
30.4.3. SessionAwareMessageListener interface
30.4.4. MessageListenerAdapter
30.4.5. Processing messages within transactions
30.5. Support for JCA Message Endpoints
30.6. Annotation-driven listener endpoints
30.6.1. Enable listener endpoint annotations
30.6.2. Programmatic endpoints registration
30.6.3. Annotated endpoint method signature
30.6.4. Response management
30.7. JMS namespace support
31. JMX
31.1. Introduction
31.2. Exporting your beans to JMX
31.2.1. Creating an MBeanServer
31.2.2. Reusing an existing MBeanServer
31.2.3. Lazy-initialized MBeans
31.2.4. Automatic registration of MBeans
31.2.5. Controlling the registration behavior
31.3. Controlling the management interface of your beans
31.3.1. MBeanInfoAssembler interface
31.3.2. Using source-level metadata: Java annotations
31.3.3. Source-level metadata types
31.3.4. AutodetectCapableMBeanInfoAssembler interface
31.3.5. Defining management interfaces using Java interfaces
31.3.6. Using MethodNameBasedMBeanInfoAssembler
31.4. Controlling the ObjectNames for your beans
31.4.1. Reading ObjectNames from Properties
31.4.2. Using the MetadataNamingStrategy
31.4.3. Configuring annotation based MBean export
31.5. JSR-160 Connectors
31.5.1. Server-side connectors
31.5.2. Client-side connectors
31.5.3. JMX over Burlap/Hessian/SOAP
31.6. Accessing MBeans via proxies
31.7. Notifications
31.7.1. Registering listeners for notifications
31.7.2. Publishing Notifications
31.8. Further resources
32. JCA CCI
32.1. Introduction
32.2. Configuring CCI
32.2.1. Connector configuration
32.2.2. ConnectionFactory configuration in Spring
32.2.3. Configuring CCI connections
32.2.4. Using a single CCI connection
32.3. Using Spring’s CCI access support
32.3.1. Record conversion
32.3.2. CciTemplate
32.3.3. DAO support
32.3.4. Automatic output record generation
32.3.5. Summary
32.3.6. Using a CCI Connection and Interaction directly
32.3.7. Example for CciTemplate usage
32.4. Modeling CCI access as operation objects
32.4.1. MappingRecordOperation
32.4.2. MappingCommAreaOperation
32.4.3. Automatic output record generation
32.4.4. Summary
32.4.5. Example for MappingRecordOperation usage
32.4.6. Example for MappingCommAreaOperation usage
32.5. Transactions
33. Email
33.1. Introduction
33.2. Usage
33.2.1. Basic MailSender and SimpleMailMessage usage
33.2.2. Using the JavaMailSender and the MimeMessagePreparator
33.3. Using the JavaMail MimeMessageHelper
33.3.1. Sending attachments and inline resources
Attachments
Inline resources
33.3.2. Creating email content using a templating library
A Velocity-based example
34. Task Execution and Scheduling
34.1. Introduction
34.2. The Spring TaskExecutor abstraction
34.2.1. TaskExecutor types
34.2.2. Using a TaskExecutor
34.3. The Spring TaskScheduler abstraction
34.3.1. Trigger interface
34.3.2. Trigger implementations
34.3.3. TaskScheduler implementations
34.4. Annotation Support for Scheduling and Asynchronous Execution
34.4.1. Enable scheduling annotations
34.4.2. The @Scheduled annotation
34.4.3. The @Async annotation
34.4.4. Executor qualification with @Async
34.4.5. Exception management with @Async
34.5. The task namespace
34.5.1. The 'scheduler' element
34.5.2. The 'executor' element
34.5.3. The 'scheduled-tasks' element
34.6. Using the Quartz Scheduler
34.6.1. Using the JobDetailFactoryBean
34.6.2. Using the MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean
34.6.3. Wiring up jobs using triggers and the SchedulerFactoryBean
35. Dynamic language support
35.1. Introduction
35.2. A first example
35.3. Defining beans that are backed by dynamic languages
35.3.1. Common concepts
The <lang:language/> element
Refreshable beans
Inline dynamic language source files
Understanding Constructor Injection in the context of dynamic-language-backed beans
35.3.2. JRuby beans
35.3.3. Groovy beans
Customizing Groovy objects via a callback
35.3.4. BeanShell beans
35.4. Scenarios
35.4.1. Scripted Spring MVC Controllers
35.4.2. Scripted Validators
35.5. Bits and bobs
35.5.1. AOP - advising scripted beans
35.5.2. Scoping
35.6. Further resources
36. Cache Abstraction
36.1. Introduction
36.2. Understanding the cache abstraction
36.3. Declarative annotation-based caching
36.3.1. @Cacheable annotation
Default Key Generation
Custom Key Generation Declaration
Default Cache Resolution
Custom cache resolution
Synchronized caching
Conditional caching
Available caching SpEL evaluation context
36.3.2. @CachePut annotation
36.3.3. @CacheEvict annotation
36.3.4. @Caching annotation
36.3.5. @CacheConfig annotation
36.3.6. Enable caching annotations
36.3.7. Using custom annotations
36.4. JCache (JSR-107) annotations
36.4.1. Feature summary
36.4.2. Enabling JSR-107 support
36.5. Declarative XML-based caching
36.6. Configuring the cache storage
36.6.1. JDK ConcurrentMap-based Cache
36.6.2. Ehcache-based Cache
36.6.3. Caffeine Cache
36.6.4. Guava Cache
36.6.5. GemFire-based Cache
36.6.6. JSR-107 Cache
36.6.7. Dealing with caches without a backing store
36.7. Plugging-in different back-end caches
36.8. How can I set the TTL/TTI/Eviction policy/XXX feature?
VIII. Appendices
37. Migrating to Spring Framework 4.x
38. Spring Annotation Programming Model
39. Classic Spring Usage
39.1. Classic ORM usage
39.1.1. Hibernate
The HibernateTemplate
Implementing Spring-based DAOs without callbacks
39.2. JMS Usage
39.2.1. JmsTemplate
39.2.2. Asynchronous Message Reception
39.2.3. Connections
39.2.4. Transaction Management
40. Classic Spring AOP Usage
40.1. Pointcut API in Spring
40.1.1. Concepts
40.1.2. Operations on pointcuts
40.1.3. AspectJ expression pointcuts
40.1.4. Convenience pointcut implementations
Static pointcuts
Dynamic pointcuts
40.1.5. Pointcut superclasses
40.1.6. Custom pointcuts
40.2. Advice API in Spring
40.2.1. Advice lifecycles
40.2.2. Advice types in Spring
Interception around advice
Before advice
Throws advice
After Returning advice
Introduction advice
40.3. Advisor API in Spring
40.4. Using the ProxyFactoryBean to create AOP proxies
40.4.1. Basics
40.4.2. JavaBean properties
40.4.3. JDK- and CGLIB-based proxies
40.4.4. Proxying interfaces
40.4.5. Proxying classes
40.4.6. Using 'global' advisors
40.5. Concise proxy definitions
40.6. Creating AOP proxies programmatically with the ProxyFactory
40.7. Manipulating advised objects
40.8. Using the "autoproxy" facility
40.8.1. Autoproxy bean definitions
BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
40.8.2. Using metadata-driven auto-proxying
40.9. Using TargetSources
40.9.1. Hot swappable target sources
40.9.2. Pooling target sources
40.9.3. Prototype target sources
40.9.4. ThreadLocal target sources
40.10. Defining new Advice types
40.11. Further resources
41. XML Schema-based configuration
41.1. Introduction
41.2. XML Schema-based configuration
41.2.1. Referencing the schemas
41.2.2. the util schema
<util:constant/>
<util:property-path/>
<util:properties/>
<util:list/>
<util:map/>
<util:set/>
41.2.3. the jee schema
<jee:jndi-lookup/> (simple)
<jee:jndi-lookup/> (with single JNDI environment setting)
<jee:jndi-lookup/> (with multiple JNDI environment settings)
<jee:jndi-lookup/> (complex)
<jee:local-slsb/> (simple)
<jee:local-slsb/> (complex)
<jee:remote-slsb/>
41.2.4. the lang schema
41.2.5. the jms schema
41.2.6. the tx (transaction) schema
41.2.7. the aop schema
41.2.8. the context schema
<property-placeholder/>
<annotation-config/>
<component-scan/>
<load-time-weaver/>
<spring-configured/>
<mbean-export/>
41.2.9. the tool schema
41.2.10. the jdbc schema
41.2.11. the cache schema
41.2.12. the beans schema
42. Extensible XML authoring
42.1. Introduction
42.2. Authoring the schema
42.3. Coding a NamespaceHandler
42.4. BeanDefinitionParser
42.5. Registering the handler and the schema
42.5.1. 'META-INF/spring.handlers'
42.5.2. 'META-INF/spring.schemas'
42.6. Using a custom extension in your Spring XML configuration
42.7. Meatier examples
42.7.1. Nesting custom tags within custom tags
42.7.2. Custom attributes on 'normal' elements
42.8. Further Resources
43. spring JSP Tag Library
43.1. Introduction
43.2. The argument tag
43.3. The bind tag
43.4. The escapeBody tag
43.5. The eval tag
43.6. The hasBindErrors tag
43.7. The htmlEscape tag
43.8. The message tag
43.9. The nestedPath tag
43.10. The param tag
43.11. The theme tag
43.12. The transform tag
43.13. The url tag
44. spring-form JSP Tag Library
44.1. Introduction
44.2. The button tag
44.3. The checkbox tag
44.4. The checkboxes tag
44.5. The errors tag
44.6. The form tag
44.7. The hidden tag
44.8. The input tag
44.9. The label tag
44.10. The option tag
44.11. The options tag
44.12. The password tag
44.13. The radiobutton tag
44.14. The radiobuttons tag
44.15. The select tag
44.16. The textarea tag
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   Part I. Overview of Spring Framework