The Notification-listening Channel Adapter requires a JMX ObjectName for the MBean that publishes notifications to which this listener should be registered. A very simple configuration might look like this:

<int-jmx:notification-listening-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    channel="channel"
    object-name="example.domain:name=publisher"/>

	Tip
	The notification-listening-channel-adapter registers with an MBeanServer at startup, and the default bean name is mbeanServer which happens to be the same bean name generated when using Spring's <context:mbean-server/> element. If you need to use a different name, be sure to include the mbean-server attribute.

The adapter can also accept a reference to a NotificationFilter and a handback Object to provide some context that is passed back with each Notification. Both of those attributes are optional. Extending the above example to include those attributes as well as an explicit MBeanServer bean name would produce the following:

<int-jmx:notification-listening-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    channel="channel"
    mbean-server="someServer"
    object-name="example.domain:name=somePublisher"
    notification-filter="notificationFilter"
    handback="myHandback"/>

The Notification-listening Channel Adapter is event-driven and registered with the MBeanServer directly. It does not require any poller configuration.

Note

For this component only, the object-name attribute can contain an ObjectName pattern (e.g. "org.foo:type=Bar,name=*") and the adapter will receive notifications from all MBeans with ObjectNames that match the pattern. In addition, the object-name attribute can contain a SpEL reference to a <util:list/> of ObjectName patterns: <jmx:notification-listening-channel-adapter id="manyNotificationsAdapter" channel="manyNotificationsChannel" object-name="#{patterns}"/> <util:list id="patterns"> <value>org.foo:type=Foo,name=*</value> <value>org.foo:type=Bar,name=*</value> </util:list> The names of the located MBean(s) will be logged when DEBUG level logging is enabled.

The Notification-publishing Channel Adapter is relatively simple. It only requires a JMX ObjectName in its configuration as shown below.

<context:mbean-export/>

<int-jmx:notification-publishing-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    channel="channel"
    object-name="example.domain:name=publisher"/>

It does also require that an MBeanExporter be present in the context. That is why the <context:mbean-export/> element is shown above as well.

When Messages are sent to the channel for this adapter, the Notification is created from the Message content. If the payload is a String it will be passed as the message text for the Notification. Any other payload type will be passed as the userData of the Notification.

JMX Notifications also have a type, and it should be a dot-delimited String. There are two ways to provide the type. Precedence will always be given to a Message header value associated with the JmxHeaders.NOTIFICATION_TYPE key. On the other hand, you can rely on a fallback default-notification-type attribute provided in the configuration.

<context:mbean-export/>

<int-jmx:notification-publishing-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    channel="channel"
    object-name="example.domain:name=publisher"
    default-notification-type="some.default.type"/>

The Attribute Polling Channel Adapter is useful when you have a requirement, to periodically check on some value that is available through an MBean as a managed attribute. The poller can be configured in the same way as any other polling adapter in Spring Integration (or it's possible to rely on the default poller). The object-name and attribute-name are required. An MBeanServer reference is also required, but it will automatically check for a bean named mbeanServer by default, just like the Notification-listening Channel Adapter described above.

<int-jmx:attribute-polling-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    channel="channel"
    object-name="example.domain:name=someService"
    attribute-name="InvocationCount">
        <int:poller max-messages-per-poll="1" fixed-rate="5000"/>
</int-jmx:attribute-polling-channel-adapter>

The Tree Polling Channel Adapter queries the JMX MBean tree and sends a message with a payload that is the graph of objects that matches the query. By default the MBeans are mapped to primitives and simple Objects like Map, List and arrays - permitting simple transformation, for example, to JSON. An MBeanServer reference is also required, but it will automatically check for a bean named mbeanServer by default, just like the Notification-listening Channel Adapter described above. A basic configuration would be:

<int-jmx:tree-polling-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    channel="channel"
    query-name="example.domain:type=*">
        <int:poller max-messages-per-poll="1" fixed-rate="5000"/>
</int-jmx:tree-polling-channel-adapter>

This will include all attributes on the MBeans selected. You can filter the attributes by providing an MBeanObjectConverter that has an appropriate filter configured. The converter can be provided as a reference to a bean definition using the converter attribute, or as an inner <bean/> definition. A DefaultMBeanObjectConverter is provided which can take a MBeanAttributeFilter in its constructor argument.

Two standard filters are provided; the NamedFieldsMBeanAttributeFilter allows you to specify a list of attributes to include and the NotNamedFieldsMBeanAttributeFilter allows you to specify a list of attributes to exclude. You can also implement your own filter

The operation-invoking-channel-adapter enables Message-driven invocation of any managed operation exposed by an MBean. Each invocation requires the operation name to be invoked and the ObjectName of the target MBean. Both of these must be explicitly provided via adapter configuration:

<int-jmx:operation-invoking-channel-adapter id="adapter"
    object-name="example.domain:name=TestBean"
    operation-name="ping"/>

Then the adapter only needs to be able to discover the mbeanServer bean. If a different bean name is required, then provide the mbean-server attribute with a reference.

The payload of the Message will be mapped to the parameters of the operation, if any. A Map-typed payload with String keys is treated as name/value pairs, whereas a List or array would be passed as a simple argument list (with no explicit parameter names). If the operation requires a single parameter value, then the payload can represent that single value, and if the operation requires no parameters, then the payload would be ignored.

If you want to expose a channel for a single common operation to be invoked by Messages that need not contain headers, then that option works well.

Similar to the operation-invoking-channel-adapter Spring Integration also provides a operation-invoking-outbound-gateway, which could be used when dealing with non-void operations and a return value is required. Such return value will be sent as message payload to the reply-channel specified by this Gateway.

<int-jmx:operation-invoking-outbound-gateway request-channel="requestChannel"
   reply-channel="replyChannel"
   object-name="o.s.i.jmx.config:type=TestBean,name=testBeanGateway"
   operation-name="testWithReturn"/>

If the reply-channel attribute is not provided, the reply message will be sent to the channel that is identified by the MessageHeaders.REPLY_CHANNEL header. That header is typically auto-created by the entry point into a message flow, such as any Gateway component. However, if the message flow was started by manually creating a Spring Integration Message and sending it directly to a Channel, then you must specify the message header explicitly or use the provided reply-channel attribute.

Spring Integration components themselves may be exposed as MBeans when the IntegrationMBeanExporter is configured. To create an instance of the IntegrationMBeanExporter, define a bean and provide a reference to an MBeanServer and a domain name (if desired). The domain can be left out, in which case the default domain is org.springframework.integration.

<int-jmx:mbean-export id="integrationMBeanExporter"
            default-domain="my.company.domain" server="mbeanServer"/>

<bean id="mbeanServer" class="org.springframework.jmx.support.MBeanServerFactoryBean">
    <property name="locateExistingServerIfPossible" value="true"/>
</bean>

Once the exporter is defined, start up your application with:

    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=6969
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false

Then start JConsole (free with the JDK), and connect to the local process on localhost:6969 to get a look at the management endpoints exposed. (The port and client are just examples to get you started quickly, there are other JMX clients available and some offer more sophisticated features than JConsole.)

Important

The MBean exporter is orthogonal to the one provided in Spring core - it registers message channels and message handlers, but not itself. You can expose the exporter itself, and certain other components in Spring Integration, using the standard <context:mbean-export/> tag. The exporter has a some metrics attached to it, for instance a count of the number of active handlers and the number of queued messages. It also has a useful operation, as discussed in the section called “Orderly Shutdown Managed Operation”.

Starting with Spring Integration 4.0 the @EnableIntegrationMBeanExport annotation has been introduced for convenient configuration of a default (integrationMbeanExporter) bean of type IntegrationMBeanExporter with several useful options at the @Configuration class level. For example:

@Configuration
@EnableIntegration
@EnableIntegrationMBeanExport(server = "mbeanServer", managedComponents = "input")
public class ContextConfiguration {

	@Bean
	public MBeanServerFactoryBean mbeanServer() {
		return new MBeanServerFactoryBean();
	}
}

If there is a need to provide more options, or have several IntegrationMBeanExporter beans e.g. for different MBean Servers, or to avoid conflicts with the standard Spring MBeanExporter (e.g. via @EnableMBeanExport), you can simply configure an IntegrationMBeanExporter as a generic bean.

MBean ObjectNames

All the MessageChannel, MessageHandler and MessageSource instances in the application are wrapped by the MBean exporter to provide management and monitoring features. The generated JMX object names for each component type are listed in the table below:

Table 8.1. 

Component Type	ObjectName
MessageChannel	o.s.i:type=MessageChannel,name=<channelName>
MessageSource	o.s.i:type=MessageSource,name=<channelName>,bean=<source>
MessageHandler	o.s.i:type=MessageSource,name=<channelName>,bean=<source>

The bean attribute in the object names for sources and handlers takes one of the values in the table below:

Table 8.2. 

Bean Value	Description
endpoint	The bean name of the enclosing endpoint (e.g. <service-activator>) if there is one
anonymous	An indication that the enclosing endpoint didn't have a user-specified bean name, so the JMX name is the input channel name
internal	For well-known Spring Integration default components
handler	None of the above: fallback to the toString() of the object being monitored (handler or source)

Custom elements can be appended to the object name by providing a reference to a Properties object in the object-name-static-properties attribute.

Also, since Spring Integration 3.0, you can use a custom ObjectNamingStrategy using the object-naming-strategy attribute. This permits greater control over the naming of the MBeans. For example, to group all Integration MBeans under an 'Integration' type. A simple custom naming strategy implementation might be:

public class Namer implements ObjectNamingStrategy {

	private final ObjectNamingStrategy realNamer = new KeyNamingStrategy();
	@Override
	public ObjectName getObjectName(Object managedBean, String beanKey) throws MalformedObjectNameException {
		String actualBeanKey = beanKey.replace("type=", "type=Integration,componentType=");
		return realNamer.getObjectName(managedBean, actualBeanKey);
	}

}

The beanKey argument is a String containing the standard object name beginning with the default-domain and including any additional static properties. This example simply moves the standard type part to componentType and sets the type to 'Integration', enabling selection of all Integration MBeans in one query: "my.domain:type=Integration,*. This also groups the beans under one tree entry under the domain in tools like VisualVM.

	Note
	The default naming strategy is a MetadataNamingStrategy. The exporter propagates the default-domain to that object to allow it to generate a fallback object name if parsing of the bean key fails. If your custom naming strategy is a MetadataNamingStrategy (or subclass), the exporter will not propagate the default-domain; you will need to configure it on your strategy bean.

S(n) = sum(i=0,i=n) w(i) x(i)

S(n) = x(n) + r S(n-1)

public void stopActiveComponents(boolean force, long howLong)

To enable Message History all you need is to define the message-history element in your configuration.

<int:message-history/>

Now every named component (component that has an 'id' defined) will be tracked. The framework will set the 'history' header in your Message. Its value is very simple - List<Properties>.

<int:gateway id="sampleGateway" 
    service-interface="org.springframework.integration.history.sample.SampleGateway"
    default-request-channel="bridgeInChannel"/>

<int:chain id="sampleChain" input-channel="chainChannel" output-channel="filterChannel">
  <int:header-enricher>
    <int:header name="baz" value="baz"/>
  </int:header-enricher>
</int:chain>

The above configuration will produce a very simple Message History structure:

[{name=sampleGateway, type=gateway, timestamp=1283281668091},
 {name=sampleChain, type=chain, timestamp=1283281668094}]

To get access to Message History all you need is access the MessageHistory header. For example:

Iterator<Properties> historyIterator =
    message.getHeaders().get(MessageHistory.HEADER_NAME, MessageHistory.class).iterator();
assertTrue(historyIterator.hasNext());
Properties gatewayHistory = historyIterator.next();
assertEquals("sampleGateway", gatewayHistory.get("name"));
assertTrue(historyIterator.hasNext());
Properties chainHistory = historyIterator.next();
assertEquals("sampleChain", chainHistory.get("name"));

You might not want to track all of the components. To limit the history to certain components based on their names, all you need is provide the tracked-components attribute and specify a comma-delimited list of component names and/or patterns that match the components you want to track.

<int:message-history tracked-components="*Gateway, sample*, foo"/>

In the above example, Message History will only be maintained for all of the components that end with 'Gateway', start with 'sample', or match the name 'foo' exactly.

Starting with version 4.0, you can also use the @EnableMessageHistory annotation in a @Configuration class. In addition, the MessageHistoryConfigurer bean is now exposed as a JMX MBean by the IntegrationMBeanExporter (see Section 8.1.7, “MBean Exporter”), allowing the patterns to be changed at runtime. Note, however, that the bean must be stopped (turning off message history) in order to change the patterns. This feature might be useful to temporarily turn on history to analyze a system. The MBean's object name is "<domain>:name=messageHistoryConfigurer,type=MessageHistoryConfigurer".

	Important
	If multiple beans (declared by @EnableMessageHistory and/or <message-history/>) they all must have identical component name patterns (when trimmed and sorted). Do not use a generic <bean/> definition for the MessageHistoryConfigurer.

Note

Remember that by definition the Message History header is immutable (you can't re-write history, although some try). Therefore, when writing Message History values, the components are either creating brand new Messages (when the component is an origin), or they are copying the history from a request Message, modifying it and setting the new list on a reply Message. In either case, the values can be appended even if the Message itself is crossing thread boundaries. That means that the history values can greatly simplify debugging in an asynchronous message flow.

The Metadata Store is useful for implementing the EIP Idempotent Receiver pattern, when there is need to filter an incoming Message if it has already been processed, and just discard it or perform some other logic on discarding. The following configuration is an example of how to do this:

<int:filter input-channel="serviceChannel"
			output-channel="idempotentServiceChannel"
			discard-channel="discardChannel"
			expression="@metadataStore.get(headers.businessKey) == null"/>

<int:publish-subscribe-channel id="idempotentServiceChannel"/>

<int:outbound-channel-adapter channel="idempotentServiceChannel"
                              expression="@metadataStore.put(headers.businessKey, '')"/>

<int:service-activator input-channel="idempotentServiceChannel" ref="service"/>

The value of the idempotent entry may be some expiration date, after which that entry should be removed from Metadata Store by some scheduled reaper.