This version is still in development and is not considered stable yet. For the latest stable version, please use Spring Security 6.4.2!

JDBC Authentication

Spring Security’s JdbcDaoImpl implements UserDetailsService to provide support for username/password based authentication that is retrieved using JDBC. JdbcUserDetailsManager extends JdbcDaoImpl to provide management of UserDetails through the UserDetailsManager interface. UserDetails based authentication is used by Spring Security when it is configured to accept a username/password for authentication.

In the following sections we will discuss:

The Default Schema used by Spring Security JDBC Authentication
Setting up a DataSource
JdbcUserDetailsManager Bean

Default Schema

Spring Security provides default queries for JDBC based authentication. This section provides the corresponding default schemas used with the default queries. You will need to adjust the schema to match any customizations to the queries and the database dialect you are using.

User Schema

JdbcDaoImpl requires tables to load the password, account status (enabled or disabled) and a list of authorities (roles) for the user. The default schema required can be found below.

The default schema is also exposed as a classpath resource named org/springframework/security/core/userdetails/jdbc/users.ddl.

Default User Schema

create table users(
	username varchar_ignorecase(50) not null primary key,
	password varchar_ignorecase(500) not null,
	enabled boolean not null
);

create table authorities (
	username varchar_ignorecase(50) not null,
	authority varchar_ignorecase(50) not null,
	constraint fk_authorities_users foreign key(username) references users(username)
);
create unique index ix_auth_username on authorities (username,authority);

Oracle is a popular database choice, but requires a slightly different schema. You can find the default Oracle Schema for users below.

Default User Schema for Oracle Databases

CREATE TABLE USERS (
    USERNAME NVARCHAR2(128) PRIMARY KEY,
    PASSWORD NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL,
    ENABLED CHAR(1) CHECK (ENABLED IN ('Y','N') ) NOT NULL
);


CREATE TABLE AUTHORITIES (
    USERNAME NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL,
    AUTHORITY NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE AUTHORITIES ADD CONSTRAINT AUTHORITIES_UNIQUE UNIQUE (USERNAME, AUTHORITY);
ALTER TABLE AUTHORITIES ADD CONSTRAINT AUTHORITIES_FK1 FOREIGN KEY (USERNAME) REFERENCES USERS (USERNAME) ENABLE;

Group Schema

If your application is leveraging groups, you will need to provide the groups schema. The default schema for groups can be found below.

Default Group Schema

create table groups (
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 0) primary key,
	group_name varchar_ignorecase(50) not null
);

create table group_authorities (
	group_id bigint not null,
	authority varchar(50) not null,
	constraint fk_group_authorities_group foreign key(group_id) references groups(id)
);

create table group_members (
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 0) primary key,
	username varchar(50) not null,
	group_id bigint not null,
	constraint fk_group_members_group foreign key(group_id) references groups(id)
);

Setting up a DataSource

Before we configure JdbcUserDetailsManager, we must create a DataSource. In our example, we will setup an embedded DataSource that is initialized with the default user schema.

Embedded Data Source

Java
XML
Kotlin

@Bean
DataSource dataSource() {
	return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
		.setType(H2)
		.addScript(JdbcDaoImpl.DEFAULT_USER_SCHEMA_DDL_LOCATION)
		.build();
}

<jdbc:embedded-database>
	<jdbc:script location="classpath:org/springframework/security/core/userdetails/jdbc/users.ddl"/>
</jdbc:embedded-database>

@Bean
fun dataSource(): DataSource {
    return EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
        .setType(H2)
        .addScript(JdbcDaoImpl.DEFAULT_USER_SCHEMA_DDL_LOCATION)
        .build()
}

In a production environment, you will want to ensure you setup a connection to an external database.

JdbcUserDetailsManager Bean

In this sample we use Spring Boot CLI to encode the password of password and get the encoded password of {bcrypt}$2a$10$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW. See the PasswordEncoder section for more details about how to store passwords.

JdbcUserDetailsManager

Java
XML
Kotlin

@Bean
UserDetailsManager users(DataSource dataSource) {
	UserDetails user = User.builder()
		.username("user")
		.password("{bcrypt}$2a$10$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW")
		.roles("USER")
		.build();
	UserDetails admin = User.builder()
		.username("admin")
		.password("{bcrypt}$2a$10$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW")
		.roles("USER", "ADMIN")
		.build();
	JdbcUserDetailsManager users = new JdbcUserDetailsManager(dataSource);
	users.createUser(user);
	users.createUser(admin);
	return users;
}

<jdbc-user-service>
	<user name="user"
		password="{bcrypt}$2a$10$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW"
		authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	<user name="admin"
		password="{bcrypt}$2a$10$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW"
		authorities="ROLE_USER,ROLE_ADMIN" />
</jdbc-user-service>

@Bean
fun users(dataSource: DataSource): UserDetailsManager {
    val user = User.builder()
            .username("user")
            .password("{bcrypt}$2a$10\$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW")
            .roles("USER")
            .build();
    val admin = User.builder()
            .username("admin")
            .password("{bcrypt}$2a$10\$GRLdNijSQMUvl/au9ofL.eDwmoohzzS7.rmNSJZ.0FxO/BTk76klW")
            .roles("USER", "ADMIN")
            .build();
    val users = JdbcUserDetailsManager(dataSource)
    users.createUser(user)
    users.createUser(admin)
    return users
}