org.springframework.context.annotation

Annotation Type PropertySource

@Target(value=TYPE)
 @Retention(value=RUNTIME)
 @Documented
 @Repeatable(value=PropertySources.class)
public @interface PropertySource

Annotation providing a convenient and declarative mechanism for adding a PropertySource to Spring's Environment. To be used in conjunction with @Configuration classes.

Example usage

Given a file app.properties containing the key/value pair testbean.name=myTestBean, the following @Configuration class uses @PropertySource to contribute app.properties to the Environment's set of PropertySources.

 @Configuration
 @PropertySource("classpath:/com/myco/app.properties")
 public class AppConfig {

     @Autowired
     Environment env;

     @Bean
     public TestBean testBean() {
         TestBean testBean = new TestBean();
         testBean.setName(env.getProperty("testbean.name"));
         return testBean;
     }
 }

Notice that the Environment object is @Autowired into the configuration class and then used when populating the TestBean object. Given the configuration above, a call to testBean.getName() will return "myTestBean".

Resolving ${...} placeholders in <bean> and @Value annotations

In order to resolve ${...} placeholders in <bean> definitions or @Value annotations using properties from a PropertySource, you must ensure that an appropriate embedded value resolver is registered in the BeanFactory used by the ApplicationContext. This happens automatically when using <context:property-placeholder> in XML. When using @Configuration classes this can be achieved by explicitly registering a PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer via a static @Bean method. Note, however, that explicit registration of a PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer via a static @Bean method is typically only required if you need to customize configuration such as the placeholder syntax, etc. See the "Working with externalized values" section of @Configuration's javadocs and "a note on BeanFactoryPostProcessor-returning @Bean methods" of @Bean's javadocs for details and examples.

Resolving ${...} placeholders within @PropertySource resource locations

Any ${...} placeholders present in a @PropertySource resource location will be resolved against the set of property sources already registered against the environment. For example:

 @Configuration
 @PropertySource("classpath:/com/${my.placeholder:default/path}/app.properties")
 public class AppConfig {

     @Autowired
     Environment env;

     @Bean
     public TestBean testBean() {
         TestBean testBean = new TestBean();
         testBean.setName(env.getProperty("testbean.name"));
         return testBean;
     }
 }

Assuming that "my.placeholder" is present in one of the property sources already registered — for example, system properties or environment variables — the placeholder will be resolved to the corresponding value. If not, then "default/path" will be used as a default. Expressing a default value (delimited by colon ":") is optional. If no default is specified and a property cannot be resolved, an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.

A note on property overriding with @PropertySource

In cases where a given property key exists in more than one .properties file, the last @PropertySource annotation processed will 'win' and override any previous key with the same name.

For example, given two properties files a.properties and b.properties, consider the following two configuration classes that reference them with @PropertySource annotations:

 @Configuration
 @PropertySource("classpath:/com/myco/a.properties")
 public class ConfigA { }

 @Configuration
 @PropertySource("classpath:/com/myco/b.properties")
 public class ConfigB { }
 

The override ordering depends on the order in which these classes are registered with the application context.

 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
 ctx.register(ConfigA.class);
 ctx.register(ConfigB.class);
 ctx.refresh();
 

In the scenario above, the properties in b.properties will override any duplicates that exist in a.properties, because ConfigB was registered last.

In certain situations, it may not be possible or practical to tightly control property source ordering when using @PropertySource annotations. For example, if the @Configuration classes above were registered via component-scanning, the ordering is difficult to predict. In such cases — and if overriding is important — it is recommended that the user fall back to using the programmatic PropertySource API. See ConfigurableEnvironment and MutablePropertySources javadocs for details.

NOTE: This annotation is repeatable according to Java 8 conventions. However, all such @PropertySource annotations need to be declared at the same level: either directly on the configuration class or as meta-annotations on the same custom annotation. Mixing direct annotations and meta-annotations is not recommended since direct annotations will effectively override meta-annotations.

Since:

3.1

Author:

Chris Beams, Juergen Hoeller, Phillip Webb, Sam Brannen

See Also:

PropertySources, Configuration, PropertySource, ConfigurableEnvironment.getPropertySources(), MutablePropertySources

Required Element Summary

Required Elements

Modifier and Type	Required Element and Description
String[]	value Indicate the resource location(s) of the properties file to be loaded.

Optional Element Summary

Optional Elements

Modifier and Type	Optional Element and Description
String	encoding A specific character encoding for the given resources, e.g.
Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory>	factory Specify a custom PropertySourceFactory, if any.
boolean	ignoreResourceNotFound Indicate if a failure to find a property resource should be ignored.
String	name Indicate the name of this property source.

Element Detail

value

public abstract String[] value

Indicate the resource location(s) of the properties file to be loaded.

Both traditional and XML-based properties file formats are supported — for example, "classpath:/com/myco/app.properties" or "file:/path/to/file.xml".

Resource location wildcards (e.g. **/*.properties) are not permitted; each location must evaluate to exactly one .properties or .xml resource.

${...} placeholders will be resolved against any/all property sources already registered with the Environment. See above for examples.

Each location will be added to the enclosing Environment as its own property source, and in the order declared.

name

public abstract String name

Indicate the name of this property source. If omitted, the factory() will generate a name based on the underlying resource (in the case of DefaultPropertySourceFactory: derived from the resource description through a corresponding name-less ResourcePropertySource constructor).

See Also:

PropertySource.getName(), Resource.getDescription()

Default:

""

ignoreResourceNotFound

public abstract boolean ignoreResourceNotFound

Indicate if a failure to find a property resource should be ignored.

true is appropriate if the properties file is completely optional.

Default is false.

Since:

4.0

Default:

false

encoding

public abstract String encoding

A specific character encoding for the given resources, e.g. "UTF-8".

Since:

4.3

Default:

""

factory

public abstract Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory> factory

Specify a custom PropertySourceFactory, if any.

By default, a default factory for standard resource files will be used.

Since:

4.3

See Also:

DefaultPropertySourceFactory, ResourcePropertySource

Default:

org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertySourceFactory.class