This version is still in development and is not considered stable yet. For the latest stable version, please use Spring Data REST 4.4.0!

Repository resources

Fundamentals

The core functionality of Spring Data REST is to export resources for Spring Data repositories. Thus, the core artifact to look at and potentially customize the way the exporting works is the repository interface. Consider the following repository interface:

public interface OrderRepository extends CrudRepository<Order, Long> { }

For this repository, Spring Data REST exposes a collection resource at /orders. The path is derived from the uncapitalized, pluralized, simple class name of the domain class being managed. It also exposes an item resource for each of the items managed by the repository under the URI template /orders/{id}.

By default, the HTTP methods to interact with these resources map to the according methods of CrudRepository. Read more on that in the sections on collection resources and item resources.

Repository methods exposure

Which HTTP resources are exposed for a certain repository is mostly driven by the structure of the repository. In other words, the resource exposure will follow which methods you have exposed on the repository. If you extend CrudRepository you usually expose all methods required to expose all HTTP resources we can register by default. Each of the resources listed below will define which of the methods need to be present so that a particular HTTP method can be exposed for each of the resources. That means, that repositories that are not exposing those methods — either by not declaring them at all or explicitly using @RestResource(exported = false) — won’t expose those HTTP methods on those resources.

For details on how to tweak the default method exposure or dedicated HTTP methods individually see Customizing supported HTTP methods.

Default Status Codes

For the resources exposed, we use a set of default status codes:

  • 200 OK: For plain GET requests.

  • 201 Created: For POST and PUT requests that create new resources.

  • 204 No Content: For PUT, PATCH, and DELETE requests when the configuration is set to not return response bodies for resource updates (RepositoryRestConfiguration.setReturnBodyOnUpdate(…)). If the configuration value is set to include responses for PUT, 200 OK is returned for updates, and 201 Created is returned for resource created through PUT.

If the configuration values (RepositoryRestConfiguration.returnBodyOnUpdate(…) and RepositoryRestConfiguration.returnBodyCreate(…)) are explicitly set to null — which they are by default --, the presence of the HTTP Accept header is used to determine the response code. Read more on this in the detailed description of collection and item resources.

Resource Discoverability

A core principle of HATEOAS is that resources should be discoverable through the publication of links that point to the available resources. There are a few competing de-facto standards of how to represent links in JSON. By default, Spring Data REST uses HAL to render responses. HAL defines the links to be contained in a property of the returned document.

Resource discovery starts at the top level of the application. By issuing a request to the root URL under which the Spring Data REST application is deployed, the client can extract, from the returned JSON object, a set of links that represent the next level of resources that are available to the client.

For example, to discover what resources are available at the root of the application, issue an HTTP GET to the root URL, as follows:

curl -v http://localhost:8080/

< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: application/hal+json

{ "_links" : {
    "orders" : {
      "href" : "http://localhost:8080/orders"
    },
    "profile" : {
      "href" : "http://localhost:8080/api/alps"
    }
  }
}

The property of the result document is an object that consists of keys representing the relation type, with nested link objects as specified in HAL.

For more details about the profile link, see Application-Level Profile Semantics (ALPS).

The Collection Resource

Spring Data REST exposes a collection resource named after the uncapitalized, pluralized version of the domain class the exported repository is handling. Both the name of the resource and the path can be customized by using @RepositoryRestResource on the repository interface.

Supported HTTP Methods

Collections resources support both GET and POST. All other HTTP methods cause a 405 Method Not Allowed.

GET

Returns all entities the repository servers through its findAll(…) method. If the repository is a paging repository we include the pagination links if necessary and additional page metadata.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • findAll(Pageable)

  • findAll(Sort)

  • findAll()

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

Parameters

If the repository has pagination capabilities, the resource takes the following parameters:

  • page: The page number to access (0 indexed, defaults to 0).

  • size: The page size requested (defaults to 20).

  • sort: A collection of sort directives in the format ($propertyname,)+[asc|desc]?.

Custom Status Codes

The GET method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: If the findAll(…) methods were not exported (through @RestResource(exported = false)) or are not present in the repository.

Supported Media Types

The GET method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

The GET method supports a single link for discovering related resources:

  • search: A search resource is exposed if the backing repository exposes query methods.

HEAD

The HEAD method returns whether the collection resource is available. It has no status codes, media types, or related resources.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • findAll(Pageable)

  • findAll(Sort)

  • findAll()

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

POST

The POST method creates a new entity from the given request body. By default, whether the response contains a body is controlled by the Accept header sent with the request. If one is sent, a response body is created. If not, the response body is empty and a representation of the resource created can be obtained by following link contained in the Location response header. This behavior can be overridden by configuring RepositoryRestConfiguration.setReturnBodyOnCreate(…) accordingly.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • save(…)

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

Custom Status Codes

The POST method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: If the save(…) methods were not exported (through @RestResource(exported = false)) or are not present in the repository at all.

Supported Media Types

The POST method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

The Item Resource

Spring Data REST exposes a resource for individual collection items as sub-resources of the collection resource.

Supported HTTP Methods

Item resources generally support GET, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE, unless explicit configuration prevents that (see “The Association Resource” for details).

GET

The GET method returns a single entity.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • findById(…)

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

Custom Status Codes

The GET method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: If the findOne(…) methods were not exported (through @RestResource(exported = false)) or are not present in the repository.

Supported Media Types

The GET method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

Related Resources

For every association of the domain type, we expose links named after the association property. You can customize this behavior by using @RestResource on the property. The related resources are of the association resource type.

HEAD

The HEAD method returns whether the item resource is available. It has no status codes, media types, or related resources.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • findById(…)

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

PUT

The PUT method replaces the state of the target resource with the supplied request body. By default, whether the response contains a body is controlled by the Accept header sent with the request. If the request header is present, a response body and a status code of 200 OK is returned. If no header is present, the response body is empty and a successful request returns a status of 204 No Content. This behavior can be overridden by configuring RepositoryRestConfiguration.setReturnBodyOnUpdate(…) accordingly.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • save(…)

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

Custom Status Codes

The PUT method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: If the save(…) methods were not exported (through @RestResource(exported = false)) or is not present in the repository at all.

Supported Media Types

The PUT method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

PATCH

The PATCH method is similar to the PUT method but partially updates the resources state.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • save(…)

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

Custom Status Codes

The PATCH method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: If the save(…) methods were not exported (through @RestResource(exported = false)) or are not present in the repository.

Supported Media Types

The PATCH method supports the following media types:

DELETE

The DELETE method deletes the resource exposed. By default, whether the response contains a body is controlled by the Accept header sent with the request. If the request header is present, a response body and a status code of 200 OK is returned. If no header is present, the response body is empty and a successful request returns a status of 204 No Content. This behavior can be overridden by configuring RepositoryRestConfiguration.setReturnBodyOnDelete(…) accordingly.

Methods used for invocation

The following methods are used if present (descending order):

  • delete(T)

  • delete(ID)

  • delete(Iterable)

For more information on the default exposure of methods, see Repository methods exposure.

Custom Status Codes

The DELETE method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: If the delete(…) methods were not exported (through @RestResource(exported = false)) or are not present in the repository.

The Association Resource

Spring Data REST exposes sub-resources of every item resource for each of the associations the item resource has. The name and path of the resource defaults to the name of the association property and can be customized by using @RestResource on the association property.

Supported HTTP Methods

The association resource supports the following media types:

  • GET

  • PUT

  • POST

  • DELETE

GET

The GET method returns the state of the association resource.

Supported Media Types

The GET method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

PUT

The PUT method binds the resource pointed to by the given URI(s) to the association resource (see Supported Media Types).

Custom Status Codes

The PUT method has only one custom status code:

  • 400 Bad Request: When multiple URIs were given for a to-one-association.

Supported Media Types

The PUT method supports only one media type:

  • text/uri-list: URIs pointing to the resource to bind to the association.

POST

The POST method is supported only for collection associations. It adds a new element to the collection.

Supported Media Types

The POST method supports only one media type:

  • text/uri-list: URIs pointing to the resource to add to the association.

DELETE

The DELETE method unbinds the association.

Custom Status Codes

The POST method has only one custom status code:

  • 405 Method Not Allowed: When the association is non-optional.

The Search Resource

The search resource returns links for all query methods exposed by a repository. The path and name of the query method resources can be modified using @RestResource on the method declaration.

Supported HTTP Methods

As the search resource is a read-only resource, it supports only the GET method.

GET

The GET method returns a list of links pointing to the individual query method resources.

Supported Media Types

The GET method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

Related Resources

For every query method declared in the repository, we expose a query method resource. If the resource supports pagination, the URI pointing to it is a URI template containing the pagination parameters.

HEAD

The HEAD method returns whether the search resource is available. A 404 return code indicates no query method resources are available.

The Query Method Resource

The query method resource runs the exposed query through an individual query method on the repository interface.

Supported HTTP Methods

As the query method resource is a read-only resource, it supports GET only.

GET

The GET method returns the result of the query.

Parameters

If the query method has pagination capabilities (indicated in the URI template pointing to the resource) the resource takes the following parameters:

  • page: The page number to access (0 indexed, defaults to 0).

  • size: The page size requested (defaults to 20).

  • sort: A collection of sort directives in the format ($propertyname,)+[asc|desc]?.

Supported Media Types

The GET method supports the following media types:

  • application/hal+json

  • application/json

HEAD

The HEAD method returns whether a query method resource is available.