For the latest stable version, please use Spring AMQP 3.2.1!

Polling Consumer

The AmqpTemplate itself can be used for polled Message reception. By default, if no message is available, null is returned immediately. There is no blocking. Starting with version 1.5, you can set a receiveTimeout, in milliseconds, and the receive methods block for up to that long, waiting for a message. A value less than zero means block indefinitely (or at least until the connection to the broker is lost). Version 1.6 introduced variants of the receive methods that allows the timeout be passed in on each call.

Since the receive operation creates a new QueueingConsumer for each message, this technique is not really appropriate for high-volume environments. Consider using an asynchronous consumer or a receiveTimeout of zero for those use cases.

Starting with version 2.4.8, when using a non-zero timeout, you can specify arguments passed into the basicConsume method used to associate the consumer with the channel. For example: template.addConsumerArg("x-priority", 10).

There are four simple receive methods available. As with the Exchange on the sending side, there is a method that requires that a default queue property has been set directly on the template itself, and there is a method that accepts a queue parameter at runtime. Version 1.6 introduced variants to accept timeoutMillis to override receiveTimeout on a per-request basis. The following listing shows the definitions of the four methods:

Message receive() throws AmqpException;

Message receive(String queueName) throws AmqpException;

Message receive(long timeoutMillis) throws AmqpException;

Message receive(String queueName, long timeoutMillis) throws AmqpException;

As in the case of sending messages, the AmqpTemplate has some convenience methods for receiving POJOs instead of Message instances, and implementations provide a way to customize the MessageConverter used to create the Object returned: The following listing shows those methods:

Object receiveAndConvert() throws AmqpException;

Object receiveAndConvert(String queueName) throws AmqpException;

Object receiveAndConvert(long timeoutMillis) throws AmqpException;

Object receiveAndConvert(String queueName, long timeoutMillis) throws AmqpException;

Starting with version 2.0, there are variants of these methods that take an additional ParameterizedTypeReference argument to convert complex types. The template must be configured with a SmartMessageConverter. See Converting From a Message With RabbitTemplate for more information.

Similar to sendAndReceive methods, beginning with version 1.3, the AmqpTemplate has several convenience receiveAndReply methods for synchronously receiving, processing and replying to messages. The following listing shows those method definitions:

<R, S> boolean receiveAndReply(ReceiveAndReplyCallback<R, S> callback)
       throws AmqpException;

<R, S> boolean receiveAndReply(String queueName, ReceiveAndReplyCallback<R, S> callback)
     throws AmqpException;

<R, S> boolean receiveAndReply(ReceiveAndReplyCallback<R, S> callback,
    String replyExchange, String replyRoutingKey) throws AmqpException;

<R, S> boolean receiveAndReply(String queueName, ReceiveAndReplyCallback<R, S> callback,
    String replyExchange, String replyRoutingKey) throws AmqpException;

<R, S> boolean receiveAndReply(ReceiveAndReplyCallback<R, S> callback,
     ReplyToAddressCallback<S> replyToAddressCallback) throws AmqpException;

<R, S> boolean receiveAndReply(String queueName, ReceiveAndReplyCallback<R, S> callback,
            ReplyToAddressCallback<S> replyToAddressCallback) throws AmqpException;

The AmqpTemplate implementation takes care of the receive and reply phases. In most cases, you should provide only an implementation of ReceiveAndReplyCallback to perform some business logic for the received message and build a reply object or message, if needed. Note, a ReceiveAndReplyCallback may return null. In this case, no reply is sent and receiveAndReply works like the receive method. This lets the same queue be used for a mixture of messages, some of which may not need a reply.

Automatic message (request and reply) conversion is applied only if the provided callback is not an instance of ReceiveAndReplyMessageCallback, which provides a raw message exchange contract.

The ReplyToAddressCallback is useful for cases requiring custom logic to determine the replyTo address at runtime against the received message and reply from the ReceiveAndReplyCallback. By default, replyTo information in the request message is used to route the reply.

The following listing shows an example of POJO-based receive and reply:

boolean received =
        this.template.receiveAndReply(ROUTE, new ReceiveAndReplyCallback<Order, Invoice>() {

                public Invoice handle(Order order) {
                        return processOrder(order);
                }
        });
if (received) {
        log.info("We received an order!");
}