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Profiles
Spring Profiles provide a way to segregate parts of your application configuration and make it be available only in certain environments.
Any @Component
, @Configuration
or @ConfigurationProperties
can be marked with @Profile
to limit when it is loaded, as shown in the following example:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Profile("production")
public class ProductionConfiguration {
// ...
}
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Profile("production")
class ProductionConfiguration {
// ...
}
If @ConfigurationProperties beans are registered through @EnableConfigurationProperties instead of automatic scanning, the @Profile annotation needs to be specified on the @Configuration class that has the @EnableConfigurationProperties annotation.
In the case where @ConfigurationProperties are scanned, @Profile can be specified on the @ConfigurationProperties class itself.
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You can use a spring.profiles.active
Environment
property to specify which profiles are active.
You can specify the property in any of the ways described earlier in this chapter.
For example, you could include it in your application.properties
, as shown in the following example:
-
Properties
-
YAML
spring.profiles.active=dev,hsqldb
spring:
profiles:
active: "dev,hsqldb"
You could also specify it on the command line by using the following switch: --spring.profiles.active=dev,hsqldb
.
If no profile is active, a default profile is enabled.
The name of the default profile is default
and it can be tuned using the spring.profiles.default
Environment
property, as shown in the following example:
-
Properties
-
YAML
spring.profiles.default=none
spring:
profiles:
default: "none"
spring.profiles.active
and spring.profiles.default
can only be used in non-profile-specific documents.
This means they cannot be included in profile specific files or documents activated by spring.config.activate.on-profile
.
For example, the second document configuration is invalid:
-
Properties
-
YAML
spring.profiles.active=prod
#---
spring.config.activate.on-profile=prod
spring.profiles.active=metrics
# this document is valid
spring:
profiles:
active: "prod"
---
# this document is invalid
spring:
config:
activate:
on-profile: "prod"
profiles:
active: "metrics"
Adding Active Profiles
The spring.profiles.active
property follows the same ordering rules as other properties: The highest PropertySource
wins.
This means that you can specify active profiles in application.properties
and then replace them by using the command line switch.
Sometimes, it is useful to have properties that add to the active profiles rather than replace them.
The spring.profiles.include
property can be used to add active profiles on top of those activated by the spring.profiles.active
property.
The SpringApplication
entry point also has a Java API for setting additional profiles.
See the setAdditionalProfiles()
method in SpringApplication
.
For example, when an application with the following properties is run, the common and local profiles will be activated even when it runs using the --spring.profiles.active
switch:
-
Properties
-
YAML
spring.profiles.include[0]=common
spring.profiles.include[1]=local
spring:
profiles:
include:
- "common"
- "local"
Similar to spring.profiles.active , spring.profiles.include can only be used in non-profile-specific documents.
This means it cannot be included in profile specific files or documents activated by spring.config.activate.on-profile .
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Profile groups, which are described in the next section can also be used to add active profiles if a given profile is active.
Profile Groups
Occasionally the profiles that you define and use in your application are too fine-grained and become cumbersome to use.
For example, you might have proddb
and prodmq
profiles that you use to enable database and messaging features independently.
To help with this, Spring Boot lets you define profile groups. A profile group allows you to define a logical name for a related group of profiles.
For example, we can create a production
group that consists of our proddb
and prodmq
profiles.
-
Properties
-
YAML
spring.profiles.group.production[0]=proddb
spring.profiles.group.production[1]=prodmq
spring:
profiles:
group:
production:
- "proddb"
- "prodmq"
Our application can now be started using --spring.profiles.active=production
to activate the production
, proddb
and prodmq
profiles in one hit.
Similar to spring.profiles.active and spring.profiles.include , spring.profiles.group can only be used in non-profile-specific documents.
This means it cannot be included in profile specific files or documents activated by spring.config.activate.on-profile .
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Programmatically Setting Profiles
You can programmatically set active profiles by calling SpringApplication.setAdditionalProfiles(…)
before your application runs.
It is also possible to activate profiles by using Spring’s ConfigurableEnvironment
interface.
Profile-specific Configuration Files
Profile-specific variants of both application.properties
(or application.yaml
) and files referenced through @ConfigurationProperties
are considered as files and loaded.
See Profile Specific Files for details.