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Instantiating the Spring Container by Using AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
The following sections document Spring’s AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
, introduced in Spring
3.0. This versatile ApplicationContext
implementation is capable of accepting not only
@Configuration
classes as input but also plain @Component
classes and classes
annotated with JSR-330 metadata.
When @Configuration
classes are provided as input, the @Configuration
class itself
is registered as a bean definition and all declared @Bean
methods within the class
are also registered as bean definitions.
When @Component
and JSR-330 classes are provided, they are registered as bean
definitions, and it is assumed that DI metadata such as @Autowired
or @Inject
are
used within those classes where necessary.
Simple Construction
In much the same way that Spring XML files are used as input when instantiating a
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
, you can use @Configuration
classes as input when
instantiating an AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
. This allows for completely
XML-free usage of the Spring container, as the following example shows:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
MyService myService = ctx.getBean(MyService.class);
myService.doStuff();
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.getBean
fun main() {
val ctx = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig::class.java)
val myService = ctx.getBean<MyService>()
myService.doStuff()
}
As mentioned earlier, AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
is not limited to working only
with @Configuration
classes. Any @Component
or JSR-330 annotated class may be supplied
as input to the constructor, as the following example shows:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyServiceImpl.class, Dependency1.class, Dependency2.class);
MyService myService = ctx.getBean(MyService.class);
myService.doStuff();
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.getBean
fun main() {
val ctx = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyServiceImpl::class.java, Dependency1::class.java, Dependency2::class.java)
val myService = ctx.getBean<MyService>()
myService.doStuff()
}
The preceding example assumes that MyServiceImpl
, Dependency1
, and Dependency2
use Spring
dependency injection annotations such as @Autowired
.
Building the Container Programmatically by Using register(Class<?>…)
You can instantiate an AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
by using a no-arg constructor
and then configure it by using the register()
method. This approach is particularly useful
when programmatically building an AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
. The following
example shows how to do so:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
ctx.register(AppConfig.class, OtherConfig.class);
ctx.register(AdditionalConfig.class);
ctx.refresh();
MyService myService = ctx.getBean(MyService.class);
myService.doStuff();
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.getBean
fun main() {
val ctx = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext()
ctx.register(AppConfig::class.java, OtherConfig::class.java)
ctx.register(AdditionalConfig::class.java)
ctx.refresh()
val myService = ctx.getBean<MyService>()
myService.doStuff()
}
Enabling Component Scanning with scan(String…)
To enable component scanning, you can annotate your @Configuration
class as follows:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.acme") (1)
public class AppConfig {
// ...
}
1 | This annotation enables component scanning. |
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = ["com.acme"]) (1)
class AppConfig {
// ...
}
1 | This annotation enables component scanning. |
Experienced Spring users may be familiar with the XML declaration equivalent from
Spring’s
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In the preceding example, the com.acme
package is scanned to look for any
@Component
-annotated classes, and those classes are registered as Spring bean
definitions within the container. AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
exposes the
scan(String…)
method to allow for the same component-scanning functionality, as the
following example shows:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
ctx.scan("com.acme");
ctx.refresh();
MyService myService = ctx.getBean(MyService.class);
}
fun main() {
val ctx = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext()
ctx.scan("com.acme")
ctx.refresh()
val myService = ctx.getBean<MyService>()
}
Remember that @Configuration classes are meta-annotated
with @Component , so they are candidates for component-scanning. In the preceding example,
assuming that AppConfig is declared within the com.acme package (or any package
underneath), it is picked up during the call to scan() . Upon refresh() , all its @Bean
methods are processed and registered as bean definitions within the container.
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Support for Web Applications with AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
A WebApplicationContext
variant of AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
is available
with AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
. You can use this implementation when
configuring the Spring ContextLoaderListener
servlet listener, Spring MVC
DispatcherServlet
, and so forth. The following web.xml
snippet configures a typical
Spring MVC web application (note the use of the contextClass
context-param and
init-param):
<web-app>
<!-- Configure ContextLoaderListener to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Configuration locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
fully-qualified @Configuration classes. Fully-qualified packages may also be
specified for component-scanning -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>com.acme.AppConfig</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Bootstrap the root application context as usual using ContextLoaderListener -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Declare a Spring MVC DispatcherServlet as usual -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- Configure DispatcherServlet to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- Again, config locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
and fully-qualified @Configuration classes -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>com.acme.web.MvcConfig</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<!-- map all requests for /app/* to the dispatcher servlet -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
For programmatic use cases, a GenericWebApplicationContext can be used as an
alternative to AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext . See the
GenericWebApplicationContext
javadoc for details.
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